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Triple axis detector

Manufactured by Agilent Technologies
Sourced in United States, Germany

The Triple-Axis Detector is a versatile laboratory instrument designed for the analysis of materials. It measures the intensity and direction of particle or radiation emission from a sample along three orthogonal axes. The core function of this device is to provide detailed data on the spatial distribution of the detected particles or radiation, enabling researchers to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the sample under investigation.

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33 protocols using triple axis detector

1

Hydrogenation of Organic Substrates

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0.1 mmol of substrates, 1.4 × 10−3 mmol of catalyst, 2 mmol sodium borohydride, 8 mL of Tetrahydrofuran (THF) and 2 ml of ultrapure water were mixed in a round-bottom flask to carry out the reaction. Then the reaction mixture was stirred at 25 °C for one hour. The as-obtained products were analyzed by GC-MS (7890 A GC system, 5975 C inert MSD with Triple-Axis Detector, Agilent Technologies).
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2

Synthesis and Characterization of Nitrogen-Containing Heterocycles

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The various diamines, cysteamine hydrochloride, 1,1-bis(methylthio)-2-nitroethene, aldehydes, 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxane-4,6-dione (Meldrum's acid) and solvents were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich chemical company and were used as received without further purification. Melting points were determined with an electrothermal 9100 apparatus. Infrared (IR) spectra were recorded on a Bruker Tensor 27 spectrometer. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra were obtained on a Bruker DRX-300 Avance instrument (300 MHz for 1H and 75.4 MHz for 13C) with DMSO as solvent. Chemical shifts are expressed in parts per million (ppm), and coupling constant (J) are reported in hertz (Hz). Elemental analyses for C, H and N were performed using a PerkinElmer 2004 series [II] CHN elemental analyzer. Mass spectra were recorded with an Agilent 5975C VL MSD with Triple-Axis Detector operating at an ionization potential of 70 eV.
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3

Comprehensive Carbohydrate Composition Analysis

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For all the samples, the composition analysis of neutral sugars (rhamnose, fucose, arabinose, xylose, mannose, galactose and glucose) and linkage positions of the monosaccharide residues were determined by their volatile alditol acetate (AA) derivatives and their partially methylated alditol acetate (PMAA) derivatives, respectively [33 (link),34 ]. AA and PMAA derivatives in acetone were quantified by GC-MS (7890A and 5975 inert MSD with Triple-Axis detector, Agilent Technologies, Inc. Santa Clara, CA, USA) and separated in a HPLC capillary column (Supelco SP-2330, Sigma-Aldrich Inc., St. Louis, MO, USA) with the following conditions: injection volume 1 μL, injector temperature 240 °C, detector temperature 300 °C, helium as a carrier gas at 1.9 mL/min and a total run time of 30 min. Inositol was used as an internal standard and retention times were compared with neutral sugar standards. Composition was reported as the percentage of total carbohydrate content (dw). In the case of sugar linkages, their respective mass spectra were identified in the database of electron impact-mass spectra of partially methylated alditol acetates from the Complex Carbohydrate Research Center of the University of Georgia. The proportion of sugar linkages was reported as the proportion (%) of a specific sugar linkage with respect to the total identified sugar linkages.
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4

GC-MS Analysis of Volatile Compounds

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GC–MS analysis was carried out with an Agilent 7890A gas chromatography system equipped with Agilent DB‐5MS Ultra Inert capillary GC column (30 m × 0.25 mm, 0.25 μm) and a 5975C mass spectrometer equipped with a triple‐axis detector (Agilent). The heating program settings were as follows: (i) the temperature was set at 60°C first and then increased to 80°C at a rate of 1°C·min−1 for 10 min; (ii) the temperature was ramped up to 250°C at a rate of 5°C·min−1 and to 300°C at 20°C·min−1 for 1 min finally. The other procedures were set as follows: electron impact (EI+) mode: 70 eV; detector temperature: 270°C; injection volume: 5 μL; injection port temperature: 270°C; high‐purity helium flow rate: 1 ml·min−1; split ratio: 10:1; scan speed: 0.2 amu·s−1 (from m/z 30 to 550 amu); solvent delay: 4 min. All volatile components were determined by comparing the mass spectra with the NIST08.L database.
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5

Urinary F2-Isoprostanes Quantification

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Urinary free F2-Isoprostances were processed by anionic solid-phase extraction. Creatinine levels were measured to standardize the dilution of urine Photometric Analyzer (Roche Diagnostic GmbH, Germany). Samples were then measured by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry set at negative chemical ionization mode (Agilent Technologies, CA), with Triple-Axis Detector, connected to a gas chromatograph (Agilent Technologies, CA). Quantitation was achieved by comparing the peak area of free F2-isoprostanes with that of the relevant deuterated internal standard.
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6

Millipede and Blood Chemical Profiling

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A millipede or 10 μl of blood were transferred into a glass vial and immersed in n-hexane (5 ml) for 3 min at room temperature. The n-hexane extract (4 μl portion, each) was analyzed using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC/MS) (7890A GC System coupled with a 5975C inert XL EI/CI MSD with a Triple-Axis Detector operated at 70 eV; Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, USA) equipped with an HP-5 ms capillary column (0.25 mm i.d. × 30 m, 0.25 μm film thickness; Agilent Technologies) according to the previous publication13 (link).
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7

Identification of Residual PETRA Content via GC-MS

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The residual PETRA content was initially identified using a gas chromatograph mass spectrometer (GC–MS). The GC–MS analysis was performed using an Agilent Technologies 7890A Gas Chromatograph (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, California, USA) coupled to an Agilent Technologies 5975 C MSD (Mass Selective Detector) with Triple-Axis Detector (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, California, USA) in full scan mode, scanning from 40 to 200 mass to charge ratio (m/z). Chromatographic separation was achieved on a fused-silica capillary column (30 m×0.25 mm×0.25 µm) coated with 5% phenyl-methylpolysiloxane. The injector was in splitless mode and its temperature was maintained at 300 °C throughout the experiments. The column temperature was raised from 50 °C (1 min hold time) to 280 °C (4 min hold time) at a rate of 30 °C/min. The flow rate of carrier gas (helium) was 2 mL/min. The identification of compounds was carried out by comparing the full scan spectra with spectra obtained from literature.
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8

GC-MS Analysis of Essential Oils

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EOs were analyzed with GC-MS using an Agilent 7890 A gas chromatograph interfaced to an Agilent 5975 C inert MSD with Triple-Axis Detector (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, United States). A NIST library was used for identifying the components. EO of 0.5 μL was injected into a HP-5 MS capillary column (30 m × 0.25 mm, 0.32 μm, i.d.) using a helium as gas carrier at 1 mL/min flow rate. Mass spectra were recorded from 30 to 650 m/z. Individual components were identified by matching their 70 eV mass spectra with those of the spectrometer database as well as by comparison of the fragmentation pattern with those reported in the literature.
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9

Deuterium-Labeled Compound Feeding in C. hualienensis

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To elucidate the (R)‐MAN biosynthetic pathway of C. hualienensis, deuterium‐labelled compounds were administered to millipedes by ‘force feeding’. Fifth stadium of C. hualienensis were each separately placed in a microvolume insert containing 4–5 μL of 1000 ppm aq. D5‐(E/Z)‐PAOx or D5‐PAN with their heads down, as shown in Fig. 1A. After force feeding at room temperature for 16 h, the defensive compounds were extracted after the addition of n‐hexane (80–100 μL) for 3 min, and 4 μL of the extract were analysed using a GC–MS (7890A GC System coupled with a 5975C inert XL EI/CI MSD with a Triple‐Axis Detector operated at 70 eV; Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, USA) system equipped with an HP‐5 ms capillary column (0.25 mm i.d. × 30 m, 0.25 μm film thickness; Agilent Technologies) according to a previous report 55.
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10

GC-MS Analysis of Plasma Metabolites

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The details regarding GC-MS analysis have been previously described [17 (link)]. Briefly, GC-MS analysis of metabolites in plasma was carried out using an Agilent Technologies 7890 N gas chromatograph coupled to an Agilent Technologies 5977A quadrupole mass selective spectrometer with a triple-axis detector (Agilent, Palo Alto, CA) operated in electron ionization mode at 70 eV with a mass scan range of m/z 50–800. Derivatized samples were separated on a VF-WAX column (Agilent Technologies, Middelburg, The Netherlands) with an oven temperature ramp from 50 °C to 230 °C. The carrier gas was helium set at constant flow mode (1.0 mL/min). The identification of each metabolite in the samples was confirmed by comparing their relative retention times and mass spectra with those of authentic standard compounds. The relative levels of metabolites were calculated by comparing their peak areas to that of the internal standard compound.
Fatty acid desaturase activities and elongase activities were obtained indirectly by calculating fatty acid ratios of products to precursors. The equations are as follows: C16 Δ9-desaturase = Palmitoleic acid/Palmitic acid; C18 Δ9-desaturase = Oleic acid/Stearic acid; Δ6-desaturase = γ-Linolenic acid/Linoleic acid; Elongase activity = Stearic acid/Palmitic acid.
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