Sigma-Aldrich (Milan, Italy) provided all chemicals, and analytical grade and HPLC grade solvents. Chitosan low molecular weight (Sigma-Aldrich, Milan, Italy; cat no. 448869, mol wt. 50,000–190,000 Da, viscosity 20–300 cP, 1 wt % in 1% acetic acid, 25 °C, Brookfield). Soluplus was a gift of BASF (Ludwigshafen, Germany) with the support of BASF Italia, BTC Chemical Distribution Unit (Cesano Maderno, Monza e Brianza, Italy). Distilled water was obtained from a Simplicity® UV Water Purification System, Merck Millipore (Darmstadt, Germany). Phosphotungstic acid (PTA) was from Electron Microscopy Sciences (Hatfield, PA, USA). Dialysis kit was from Spectrum Laboratories, Inc. (Breda, The Netherlands). Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM), Ham’s F-12 nutrient mixture, fetal bovine serum (FBS), L-glutamine, penicillin and streptomycin, 1-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-3,5-diphenyl formazan (MTT) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich-Merck (Saint Louis, MO, USA). Disposable plastics were from Sarstedt (Nümbrecht, Germany).
1 4 5 dimethylthiazol 2 yl 3 5 diphenylformazan mtt
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Italy, China
1-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-3,5-diphenylformazan (MTT) is a chemical compound used in colorimetric assays to measure cell viability and proliferation. It is a yellow tetrazolium salt that is reduced by metabolically active cells to a purple formazan product, which can be quantified spectrophotometrically.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Fetal bovine serum (fbs), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (3 mentions)
Paclitaxel, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Rpmi 1640 medium, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (3 mentions)
Simplicity uv water purification system, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Disposable plastics, by Sarstedt (2 mentions)
Sybr green qpcr master mix, by ExCell Bio (2 mentions)
Vincristine, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso), by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Dulbecco modified eagle medium (dmem), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Low molecular weight chitosan, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Phosphotungstic acid pta, by Electron Microscopy Sciences (1 mentions)
Fetal bovine serum (fbs), by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Penicillin, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Streptomycin, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
L glutamine, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Lecithin, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Penicillin and streptomycin, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
1 7 octadiene, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Phosphate buffered saline bioperformance certified ph 7.4 pbs, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Cholesterol bioreagent, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
16 protocols using 1 4 5 dimethylthiazol 2 yl 3 5 diphenylformazan mtt
1
Chitosan-Soluplus Nanoparticle Formulation
2
Formulation and Characterization of Thymoquinone Nanocarriers
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BASF (Badische Anilin- und Soda Fabrik, Ludwigshafen, Germany) with the support of BASF Italia and BTC Chemical Distribution Unit (Cesano Maderno, Monza, and Brianza, Italy) kindly provided Soluplus® and Solutol® HS15. Distilled water was obtained from a Simplicity® UV Water Purification System, Merck Millipore (Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany). Thymoquinone, Phosphate buffered saline BioPerformance Certified pH 7.4 (PBS), Tween® 80, lecithin (≥99%, TLC) lyophilized powder, cholesterol BioReagent (≥99), Methanol HPLC grade, Acetonitrile HPLC grade, Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) HPLC grade, Formic acid analytical grade, 1,7-octadiene (98%), Dichloromethane (CH2Cl2) were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich (Milan, Italy). Sigma–Aldrich Merck (Milan, Italy) also supplied Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM), Ham’s F-12 nutrient mixture, fetal bovine serum (FBS), L-glutamine, penicillin and streptomycin, 1-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-3,5-diphenyl formazan (MTT) and other chemicals. Disposable plastics were obtained from Sarstedt (Nümbrecht, Germany).
3
Preparation and Characterization of Cetuximab-Conjugated Liposomes
4
Extraction and Analysis of AGN Powder
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Four different processing of AGN powder were prepared as described previously [13 (link)]. Then, these four powders were extracted 3 times with deionized water at room temperature for 3 h. After vacuum filtration, the supernatant was concentrated to afford the water extract of coarse powder (WEC), water extract of ultrafine powder (WEU), water extract of HME powder (WEH), and water extract of AGN-SD (WES). The dried samples were weighed and kept in a refrigerator until further analysis. 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), 2-deoxy-D-ribose, ascorbic acid, α-tocopherol, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), 3-(2-pyridyl)-5,6-bis (4-phenyl-sulfonic acid)-1,2,4-triazine (ferrozine), tannic acid, quercetin, trichloroacetic acid (TCA), aluminium chloride hexahydrate (AlCl3·6H2O), Folin–Ciocalteu reagent, nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT), ferric chloride, phenazine methosulfate (PMS), β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), 1-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-3,5-diphenylformazan (MTT), and LPS (E. coli 0111:B4) were purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA). RPMI medium 1640 and fetal bovine serum (FBS) were acquired from Gibco BRL (Grand Island, NY, USA). All culture supplies were obtained from BD Falcon (BD, Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA).
5
Investigating Multidrug Resistance Mechanisms
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Lazertinib was purchased from MedChemExpress (Princeton, NJ, USA). Vincristine (VCR), paclitaxel, DOX, mitoxantrone (MX), topotecan, G418, fumitremorgin C (FTC), verapamil (VRP), cisplatin, rhodamine 123 (Rho 123), and 1-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-3,5-diphenylformazan (MTT) were acquired from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Antibodies against ABCB1, ABCG2, ERK, and p-ERK, Akt, p-Akt, and flow cytometry antibodies against ABCG2 were obtained from Santa Cruz Biotechnology Inc. (Paso Robles, CA, USA). Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) antibody was obtained from Kangchen Co. (Shanghai, China). ABCB1 and mouse IgG2b/κ antibodies used in flow cytometry were obtained from BD Biosciences (San Jose, CA, USA). RPMI 1640 and DMEM media were purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. (Waltham, MA, USA). SYBR Green qPCR Master Mix was obtained from ExCell Bio (Shanghai, China).
6
Corneal Epithelial Cell Culture Protocol
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BH was purchased from Jinan Haohua industry (Shandong, China). CS (Viscosity ≤100 mpa.s, Moisture ≤10%) was purchased from Jinan Haidebei Marine Bioengineering Co. Ltd. (Shandong, China), with degree of deacetylation ≥95%. Mt was obtained from Aladdin (Shanghai, China). 1-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-3, 5-diphenylformazan (MTT) and all components of buffer solutions were from Sigma (Shanghai, China). The purified water used in all the experiments was obtained from a MilliQ System (Millipore, WA, USA). The organic solvents used in high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were of chromatographic grade (Tianjin, China). All the other chemicals and reagents used in the study were of analytical grade. The human immortalized cornea epithelial cells (iHCECs) were kindly provided by Shandong Eye Institute (Qingdao, China), and the iHCEC used in this study were granted approval by the Ethics Committee of Shandong Eye Institute.
7
Evaluating ABC Transporter Inhibitors
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ERK5-IN-1 was purchased from Selleck Chemicals (Houston, TX, USA). 1-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-3, 5-diphenylformazan (MTT), vincristine, paclitaxel, verapamil, cisplatin, doxorubicin (Dox), mitoxantrone, fumitremorgin C (FTC) and other chemicals were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). DMEM and RPMI 1640 medium were obtained from Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. (Waltham, MA, USA). Antibodies against ABCB1/P-gp (sc-13,131), Akt (sc-8312), p-Akt (sc-7985-R), ERK 1/2 (sc-514,302), and p-ERK (sc-7383) were from Santa Cruz Biotechnology Inc. (Paso Robles, CA, USA). ABCG2 antibody (MAB4146) was obtained from Chemicon International, Inc. (Billerica, MA). Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) antibody was from Kangcheng Co. (Shanghai, China). SYBR Green qPCR Master Mix was from ExCell Bio (Shanghai, China). Flow cytometry antibodies against ABCB1 (#557002) and Mouse IgG2b/κ (#559532) were purchased from BD Biosciences (San Jose, CA, USA).
8
Immortalized Cornea Epithelial Cell Cultivation
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Mt with a CEC of 90 mmol⋅g−1 was bought from Zhejiang Sanding Technology Co, Ltd (Shaoxing, China). BH was purchased from Hao Industrial (Shandong, China). Eudragit RS100 and RL100 were purchased from Evonik Degussa (Germany). 1-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-3,5-diphenylformazan (MTT) and all components of buffer solutions were from Sigma-Aldrich Co (St Louis, MO, USA). All other chemical reagents used in the study were of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) or analytical grade. Human immortalized cornea epithelial cells (iHCECs) were kindly provided by Shandong Eye Institute (Qingdao, China) and the study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Shandong Eye Institute.
9
Neuroprotective Potential of Mushroom Extracts
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The fruiting bodies of M. sextelata were collected from the experimental fields of Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences (SAAS). The compounds 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 1-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-3,5-diphenylformazan (MTT) were bought from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, U.S.A.). Mouse neuronal cell lines (PC12 cells) were kindly provided by Dr Jindong Wang from Chengdu Medical College. Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium, trypsin EDTA and fetal bovine serum (FBS) were obtained from Gibco (Grand Island, NY, U.S.A.). The remaining reagents used in the present study were of analytical grade.
10
Ocular Biocompatibility of Lipid-based Nanoparticles
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BH was purchased from Jinan Haohua industrial (Shandong, China). Mt was obtained from Aladdin (Shanghai, China). Glycerin monostearate (GMS) was purchased from Aladdin Industrial Corporation. Phosphatidylcholine (PC) was obtained from Taiwei pharmaceutical (Shanghai, China). Rose Bengal was purchased from Macklin (Shanghai, China). Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Media: Nutrient Mixture F-12(DMEM/F-12) and Penicillin were purchased from Hyclone (Beijing, China), Fetal bovine serum was obtained from Gbico (Paisley, UK). 1-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-3,5-diphenylformazan (MTT) and all components of buffer solution were from Sigma (Shanghai, China). All other chemical reagents used in the study were of HPLC or analytical grade.
All in vivo experiments were carried out in New Zealand white rabbits (2.5-3.0 kg) obtained from the Laboratory Animal Center of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China (License No:SCXK2012-2015). All the animals were treated according to the Association for Research in Vision and ophthalmology resolution for the use of animals in research and were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Guangdong pharmaceutical university (approval number of the animal experiment protocols is gdpulac2019010). Before the experiment, animals were ensured without eye diseases.
All in vivo experiments were carried out in New Zealand white rabbits (2.5-3.0 kg) obtained from the Laboratory Animal Center of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China (License No:SCXK2012-2015). All the animals were treated according to the Association for Research in Vision and ophthalmology resolution for the use of animals in research and were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Guangdong pharmaceutical university (approval number of the animal experiment protocols is gdpulac2019010). Before the experiment, animals were ensured without eye diseases.
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