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10 protocols using 4 dimethylaminopyridine

1

Analysis of Oxysterol Biomarkers in Serum

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The standards of 4β-OHC and 4β-OHC-D7 (4β-hydroxycholesterol-25, 26, 26, 26, 27, 27, 27-D7, isotopically labelled internal standard of 4β-OHC) were purchased from Avanti Polar Lipids, Inc (Alabama) and 4α-OHC standard from Toronto Research Chemicals (Ontario, Canada). The standards of 7α-OHC, 7β-OHC, 22(R)-OHC, 22(S)-OHC, 24(S)-OHC, 25-OHC, and 27-OHC, isomers of 4β-OHC and 4α-OHC, were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis). Human serum albumin (HSA) was purchased from FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Corporation (Osaka, Japan). Other reagents (2-methyl-6-nitrobenzoic anhydride, 4-dimethylamino-pyridine, and picolinic acid) were purchased from Tokyo Chemical Industry Co, Ltd (Tokyo, Japan). Other solvents (water, methanol, 2-propanol, acetonitrile, n-hexane, formic acid, pyridine, triethylamine, and 28% sodium methoxide methanol solution) were of the highest analytical quality and were purchased from FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Corporation.
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2

Lipid Synthesis and Quantification

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The solvents such as methanol, isopropanol, chloroform, ammonium acetate solution (1M) of LC/MS grade, Dicyclohexyl carbodiimide, and lithium hydroxide were obtained from Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., (Osaka, Japan). 12-hydroxystearic acid, methyl ricinoleate, dry pyridine, 4-dimethylaminopyridine, and anhydrous dichloromethane were purchased from the Tokyo Chemical Industry (Tokyo, Japan). Docosahexaenoic acid with a purity ≥98% was obtained from Cayman Chemicals (Ann Arbor, MA, USA). Silica Gel N60 (40–50 μm) was obtained from Kanto Chemical Industry (Tokyo, Japan). The EquiSPLASH Lipidomix quantitative standard for mass spectrometry and oleic acid-d9 internal standards were purchased from Avanti Polar Lipids (Alabaster, AL, USA). Silica gel 60G F254 glass plates (20 × 20 cm2) were obtained from Merck (Tokyo, Japan). The high-resolution mass measurements were performed by Linear Quadrupole Orbitrap mass spectrometer (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Fisher Scientific (San Jose, CA, USA)).
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3

Synthesis of Poly(Amino Acid) Derivatives

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n-Butylamine and β-benzyl-L-aspartate-N-carboxyanhydride (BLA-NCA) were obtained from NOF Corporation (Tokyo, Japan). Ethylene oxide was obtained from 3M Japan Co., Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan). Tetrahydrofuran (THF) (super dehydrated, purity >99.5%) and Toluene (super dehydrated, purity >99.5+%) were purchased from Kanto Chemical, Co., Inc. (Tokyo, Japan). Ethanol, diethyl ether, N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and piperidine (purity >98.0%) were purchased from Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemical, Co., Inc. (Tokyo, Japan). 1,1,3,3-Tetramethylguanidine (purity >99.0%), 2-methoxyEthanol (purity >99.0%) epichlorohydrin (purity >99.0%), triisobutylaluminum, N,N-dimethylformamide (purity >99.5%), 4-dimethylaminopyridine (purity >99.0%), 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcordiimide hydrochloride (purity >98.0%), N-[(9H-fluoren-9-ylmethoxy)carbonyl]glycine (purity >98.0%), N-[(9H-fluoren-9-ylmethoxy)carbonyl]-L-leucine (purity >98.0%) and N-[(9H-fluoren-9-ylmethoxy)carbonyl]-L-tyrosine (purity >95.0%) were purchased from Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan). Sodium hydroxide, hydrochloric acid and HEPES buffer were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, U.S.A). Fetal bovine serum (FBS), Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium and Penicillin-Streptomycin were obtained from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, U.S.A).
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4

Synthesis and Characterization of Functionalized Biomaterials

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N, N′ dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) and 4‐Dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) were purchased from Tokyo Chemical Industry (TCI, Japan). Melamine was purchased from Energy Chemical (Shanghai, China). Bio‐PEG2000 was purchased from Aladdin Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd (Shanghai, China). Gold view II, pUC‐18 DNA, tris–HCl, Lyso‐Tracker Green, MTT, and loading buffer were purchased from Solarbio Science & Technology Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China). Sarcosine oxidase, bromocresol green, uricase, and vanadate were purchased from Sigma‐aldrich (USA). EGFP‐DNA was purchased from Clontech (USA). P53‐DNA and DNA‐Cy5 were purchased from Ruibiotech Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China). PVDF membranes were purchased from Millipore (USA).
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5

Synthesis and Characterization of Hydroxy Fatty Acid Derivatives

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12-hydroxystearic acid, methyl ricinoleate, oleoyl chloride, linoleoyl chloride, dry pyridine, anhydrous dichloromethane, CDCl3, and 4-dimethylaminopyridine were purchased from Tokyo Chemical Industry (Tokyo, Japan). Dicyclohexyl carbodiimide, lithium hydroxide, Methanol for LC/MS, and all other reagents of synthetic grade were obtained from Wako Pure Chemical Corporation (Tokyo, Japan). Docosahexaenoic acid and Eicosapentaenoic acid with purity ≥98%, were purchased from Cayman Chemicals (Ann Arbor, MA, USA). Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) Silica gel 60G F254 glass plates (20 × 20 cm) were obtained from Merck (Tokyo, Japan) and spots were visualized by spraying 5% methanolic H2SO4. The column chromatography was performed by using spherical type Silica Gel N60 of particle size 40–50 μm, obtained from Kanto Chemical Industry (Tokyo, Japan). 1H and 13C NMR spectra were acquired using 400 MHz JNM-ECX400P (JEOL, Japan). The spectra were processed using ACD/NMR software and the chemical shifts(δ) values are given in ppm. The accurate mass measurements were performed by LTQ Orbitrap XL (Thermo Fisher scientific). Low-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectra (LR-ESI-MS) was recorded by LXQ (Thermo Fisher scientific), The methyl ester of 12-hydroxystearic acid (12-HSA) was prepared by direct methylation 12-HSA by refluxing at 80 °C in methanolic 2N HCl.
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6

Synthesis of Binder Polymer CP-2

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Example 2

Into a three-neck flask provided with a condenser and a stirrer, 6.97 g of 1,6-hexanediamine (manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) and 53.9 g of N-methylpyrrolidone (manufactured by Kanto Chemical Co., Inc.) were put, and by being stirred at room temperature under a nitrogen flow to obtain a uniform solution. Next, 9.49 g of pyridine (manufactured by Kanto Chemical Co., Inc.) and 7.33 g of 4-dimethylaminopyridine (manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) was added to the reaction solution, followed by dissolving. Next, 22.03 g of 4,4′-oxybis(benzenesulfonylchloride) (manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) was added to the flask, followed by stirring at room temperature for 1 hour, then, the temperature was raised to 60° C., and the resulting solution was allowed to react for 10 hours. The reaction solution was added dropwise to a mixed solution of 0.5 L of pure water and 0.5 L of methanol, and as a result, a polymer was precipitated. This was collected by filtration, washed, and dried, whereby 25.5 g of a binder polymer (CP-2) having a weight-average molecular weight of 52,000 was obtained. It was confirmed from the NMR spectrum, the IR spectrum, and GPC (polystyrene conversion) that the obtained product was the target substance.

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7

Synthesis of Binder Polymer for Electrochemical Devices

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Example 2

Into a three-neck flask provided with a condenser and a stirrer, 6.97 g of 1,6-hexanediamine (manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) and 53.9 g of N-methylpyrrolidone (manufactured by Kanto Chemical Co., Inc.) were put, and by being stirred at room temperature under a nitrogen flow, the solution became homogeneous. Next, 9.49 g of pyridine (manufactured by Kanto Chemical Co., Inc.) and 7.33 g of 4-dimethylaminopyridine (manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) was added to the reaction solution, followed by dissolving. Next, 22.03 g of 4.4′-oxybis(b enzenesulfonylchloride) (manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) was added to the flask, followed by stirring at room temperature for 1 hour, then, the temperature was raised to 60° C., and the resulting solution was allowed to react for 10 hours. The reaction solution was added dropwise to a mixed solution of 0.5 L of pure water and 0.5 L of methanol, and as a result, a polymer was precipitated. This was collected by filtration, washed, and dried, whereby 25.5 g of a binder polymer (CP-2) having an average molecular weight of 52,000 was obtained. It was confirmed from the NMR spectrum, the IR spectrum, and GPC (polystyrene conversion) that the obtained product was the target substance.

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8

Synthesis of Binder Polymer CP-2

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Example 2

Into a three-neck flask provided with a condenser and a stirrer, 6.97 g of 1,6-hexanediamine (manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) and 53.9 g of N-methylpyrrolidone (manufactured by Kanto Chemical Co., Inc.) were put, and by being stirred at room temperature under a nitrogen flow, the solution became homogeneous. Next, 9.49 g of pyridine (manufactured by Kanto Chemical Co., Inc.) and 7.33 g of 4-dimethylaminopyridine (manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) was added to the reaction solution, followed by dissolving. Next, 22.03 g of 4,4′-oxybis(benzenesulfonylchloride) (manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) was added to the flask, followed by stirring at room temperature for 1 hour, then, the temperature was raised to 60° C., and the resulting solution was allowed to react for 10 hours. The reaction solution was added dropwise to a mixed solution of 0.5 L of pure water and 0.5 L of methanol, and as a result, a polymer was precipitated. This was collected by filtration, washed, and dried, whereby 25.5 g of a binder polymer (CP-2) having a weight average molecular weight of 52,000 was obtained. It was confirmed from the NMR spectrum, the IR spectrum, and GPC (polystyrene conversion) that the obtained product was the target substance.

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9

Enzymatic Synthesis of (Z)-3-Hexenol from Oyster

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CHIRAZYME L-2 and lipase PS were purchased from FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Co. (Tokyo, Japan) . Oxone ® and vinylmagnesium bromide was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co. (Tokyo, Japan) . Acetic anhydride, pyridine and sodium borohydride were purchased from Kanto Chemical Co. (Tokyo, Japan) . 4-Dimethylaminopyridine and 2-iodobenzoic acid were purchased from Tokyo Chemical Industry Co. (Tokyo, Japan) . All other chemicals and solvents were commercially of the highest grade. (Z) -3-Hexenol, a geometrically pure form with ≧99%, was donated from Shiono Koryo Kaisha (Osaka, Japan) and Shiono Finess Co. (Osaka, Japan) .
The Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas were purchased from an oyster farmer in Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan. The oysters were stored at -25℃ until use.
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10

Synthesis and Purification of Ionone and Ionol

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SanCat-R was purchased from FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Co. (Tokyo, Japan) . β-and α-Ionones were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co. (Tokyo, Japan) . β-and α-Ionols were purified using silica gel column chromatography and/or distillation before use. Acetic anhydride, NaBH 4 and pyridine were purchased from Kanto Chemical Co. (Tokyo, Japan) . 4-Dimethylaminopyridine was purchased from Tokyo Chemical Industry Co. (Tokyo, Japan) . All other chemicals and solvents were commercially of the highest grade.
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