AFM technology offers a useful tool for direct measurements of cell 3-D surface topography and elastic property.42 (
link),51 (
link)-53 For the purpose of 3-D topography, several glass coverslips were put into the culture petri dish before adding the synchronization agents, so that the synchronized HeLa cells would grow on these glass coverslips. Immediately prior to imaging, 10 mL of 1% glutaraldehyde was added for 10 minutes to fix HeLa cells on the glass substrate. Then, cells were washed twice with PBS, and imaged by an AFM (
Nanowizard II, JPK, Berlin, Germany) in a PBS environment. An optical transmission microscope (IX81, Olympus, Japan) was used with the AFM to conveniently select the cell of interest and accurately position the cantilever tip above the cell surface. The 3-D topography images were acquired in tapping mode using a
ScanAsyst-Air cantilever (a spring constant of ~0.4 N/m; Bruker Nano Inc., Camarillo, CA, USA) with a scanning size of 50 × 50 um
2 and a scanning rate of 0.5 Hz.51 (
link) All measurements were performed at room temperature, and at least 8 images were obtained for HeLa cells synchronized at each phase.
Fan P., Zhang Y., Guo X., Cai C., Wang M., Yang D., Li Y., Tu J., Crum L.A., Wu J, & Zhang D. (2017). Cell-cycle-specific Cellular Responses to Sonoporation. Theranostics, 7(19), 4894-4908.