Congo red dye (Sigma Aldrich, USA) at a concentration of 50 μM in PBS was mixed with the 10 μM peptide. As a control, a similar sample was used in which a buffer was added instead of the peptide. Absorption spectra were recorded on an Avantes Ava Spec 2048 instrument (Avantes, The Netherlands).
Avaspec 2048
Manufactured by Avantes
Sourced in Netherlands
The AvaSpec-2048 is a high-performance spectrometer designed for laboratory applications. It features a 2048-pixel CCD detector and can measure a wide range of wavelengths with high resolution. The AvaSpec-2048 is capable of providing accurate and reliable spectral data for various analytical and research purposes.
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Lab products found in correlation
Congo red dye, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Avasphere 50, by Avantes (2 mentions)
Is200, by Thorlabs (1 mentions)
Avalight hal, by Avantes (1 mentions)
Li 1500, by LI COR (1 mentions)
Vertex 80v, by Bruker (1 mentions)
Osl1 ec, by Thorlabs (1 mentions)
Avalight hal s mini, by Avantes (1 mentions)
Avance instrument, by Bruker (1 mentions)
Simultaneous thermal analyzer sta 8000, by PerkinElmer (1 mentions)
Vario micro cube, by Elementar (1 mentions)
Avasphere 50 refl, by Avantes (1 mentions)
Avalight dhs, by Avantes (1 mentions)
Su 70 fe sem, by Hitachi (1 mentions)
Ixon3 897, by Oxford Instruments (1 mentions)
Blp01 488r, by IDEX Corporation (1 mentions)
Blp01 488r 25, by IDEX Corporation (1 mentions)
Nanomax, by Thorlabs (1 mentions)
Liquid helium flow cryostat, by Oxford Instruments (1 mentions)
Pw 1729 x ray diffractometer, by Philips (1 mentions)
31 protocols using avaspec 2048
1
Congo Red Peptide Binding Assay
2
Integrating Sphere Absorption Spectroscopy
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A schematic overview of the setup is shown in Fig. 1. An integrating sphere (Thorlabs IS200) with a radius of 25.4 mm and a sphere wall reflectance ρ of 0.99 was used in the setup. A polyethylene tube (Portex) with inner radius of 0.29 mm and outer radius of 0.48 mm was inserted through two opposite ports. The tube's axis was located approximately 5 mm above the center of the sphere. The absorber was injected into this tube. Injecting the absorber until it flowed out on the other side of the tube ensured that the tube was completely filled. A tungsten halogen light source (Avantes AvaLight-Hal) was used for illumination and was connected to a converging lens by an optic fiber (Thorlabs M37L01, core diameter of 550 μm, 0.22 NA). This ensured that incident light could not directly hit the tube and was at least reflected diffusively once before hitting the tube. The lens was connected to the input port of the IS. A fiber-optic spectrometer (Avantes AvaSpec-2048) was used for detection of the outgoing light and was connected to the output port of the IS by another optic fiber of the same type.
3
Polylactide Synthesis using Dimethyl((6-methylpyridin-2-yl)methyl)aluminum
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Example 11
A polylactide was synthesized using a catalyst of formula I, wherein R1, R2≠R3. Rac-lactide was polymerized in a total solvent volume of 2.5 mL mesitylene with a ratio of 100:1 monomer to catalyst at 110° C. The applied catalyst was dimethyl((6-methylpyridin-2-yl)methyl)aluminum:
After 30 minutes the reaction was quenched with methanol and the reaction solution was precipitated in pentane/EtOH=1:1. Yields where determined via 1H-NMR and gravimetric methods to be 80%. Molecular mass and dispersity of the resulting polymer were determined to be 22,000 g mol−1 and PDI=1.19. Photoluminescence spectra were taken with an AVA-Spec 2048 from Avantes using a Prizmatix (LED Current controller) as light source. Samples were excited with a 365 nm source. The resulting spectrum and the polymer solution are depicted in
4
Evaluating Ochre Reflectance and Absorption via Visible Spectroscopy
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To determine whether colour played a role in the UVR reflectance and absorption capabilities of ochre, visible spectroscopy was employed to obtain L*a*b* values for each sample. We used an Avantes AvaSpec2048 fibre optic spectrometer equipped with a 2048 pixel CCD detector set to operate in the retrodiffusion mode. This instrument is equipped with an optical fibre probe, which is set in contact with the powder samples stored in transparent plastic bags. An AvaLight-HAL was used as an illumination source. The equipment is calibrated with a Halon D65 white reference sample in the same lighting conditions as for the archaeological samples. The colour parameters were obtained by Avasoft 7.5 software.
5
UV-Vis Spectroscopy of Solutions
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UV-Vis spectra of solutions were registered using AvaSpec-2048 spectrophotometer (Avantes BV, Apeldoorn, Netherlands), in 1 cm quartz cuvettes at 25 °C. AvaLight-DHS was used as light source.
6
Measuring Soybean Canopy Light Levels
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Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and normalized photon flux were measured at the top of the soybean canopy (Fig. 1, Fig. S1) using quantum sensors (Li-1500; America, LI-COR) and fiber optic spectrometer (Ava Spec-2048; Avantes, Netherlands) at the V5 stage of soybean. The sensors were placed horizontally 5, 55, 105, 155, and 205 cm above the soybean canopy (Liu et al., 2018) (link). Normalized photon flux was measured at wavelengths ranging from 350nm to 760nm. All treatments were measured between 11:00 and 13:00 on a sunny day (Kim, Lin, & Mitchell, 2019) (link).
(Figure 1.)
(Figure 1.)
7
H2O2 Activation over Ti-BEA Catalysts
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H2O2 activation over the Ti-BEA catalysts was examined using a UV-Vis spectrometer (Avantes, AvaSpec-2048) equipped with a pulsed xenon light source (Avantes, AvaLight-XE-Mini). Ti-BEA pellets (7 mm diameter) were loaded into a custom-built liquid flow cell attached to cartridge heaters and a temperature controller (Watlow, EZ-ZONE PM) to hold the cell at 313 K. The cell and spectrometer were connected to a 45-degree fiber optic diffuse reflection probe (Avantes, FC-UVIR600-2-BX-SR). Solvents and H2O2 were introduced continuously to the cell (1 cm3 min−1) using a high-performance liquid chromatography pump (Teledyne ISCO, ReaXus M1 Class). Background spectra were collected by flowing solvent without H2O2 (10–40 ms integration time, averaging 125–500 scans). Then solvent and H2O2 (0.1 M H2O2, 0.39 M H2O) flowed through the cell until spectra stopped changing (∼0.5 h), which indicated the coverage of H2O2-derived intermediates reached a steady state value. Finally, the cell was purged with flowing solvent without H2O2 for 1 h to examine the reversibility of H2O2 activation.
8
Electrical and Optical Characterization of LEDs
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The current–voltage (I–V) curves were measured using a Keithley 2602 sourcemeter. The light output power (LOP) and electroluminescence (EL) spectrum from LEDs were collected via a Si photodiode (Hamamatsu S2281) and a spectrometer (Avantes AvaSpec-2048), respectively. The DCLs were measured using an impedance analyzer (Agilent 4294A), where the four-terminal-fixture method was used for calibration to ensure accurate impedance values over a wide frequency range (40 Hz–110 MHz). The impedance data were measured via a voltage source mode with AC test signal of 20 mV (RMS) to ensure the reliability of experimental data. All measurements were conducted in a chamber to control and maintain the operating temperature under pulsed-current driving conditions (pulse period = 100 μs and duty cycle = 1%) to avoid self-heating.
9
Comprehensive Perovskite Solar Cell Characterization
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The morphology and structure of the
films are characterized using Phenom scanning electron microscopy
(SEM) and field emission SEM (TESCAN). Besides, a Veeco atomic force
microscope (CP-Research, USA) is used to take perovskite layer surface
topography images. The absorption and transmission spectra of the
device layers are recorded by an Avantes UV–visible spectrophotometer
(AvaSpec 2048, Netherland). In order to investigate the crystalline
nature of the perovskite film, the X-ray diffraction spectrum is obtained
on a Philips diffractometer (model: X’Pert MPD) equipped with
a proportional Xe-filled detector, Cu tube (λ = 1.54056 Å).
Current–voltage (I–V) characteristics of the fabricated devices are measured by an Ivium
stat potentiostat (XRE model, Netherland) under a calibrated AM 1.5
solar simulator at 100 mW/cm2 light intensity (Sharif Solar
10-2, Iran). An IVIUM stat potentiostat/galvanostat (XRE model, Netherland)
is also utilized to record the impedance spectra of the devices in
the frequency range of 1–100 KHz under light and bias V = 0 V. Thermal analysis of the encapsulation systems is
performed by DSC (NETZSCH 200F). Further, the temperature profiles
of the PSCs under the operation condition are recorded by a thermography
camera (model: OLIP ThermoCam P200).
films are characterized using Phenom scanning electron microscopy
(SEM) and field emission SEM (TESCAN). Besides, a Veeco atomic force
microscope (CP-Research, USA) is used to take perovskite layer surface
topography images. The absorption and transmission spectra of the
device layers are recorded by an Avantes UV–visible spectrophotometer
(AvaSpec 2048, Netherland). In order to investigate the crystalline
nature of the perovskite film, the X-ray diffraction spectrum is obtained
on a Philips diffractometer (model: X’Pert MPD) equipped with
a proportional Xe-filled detector, Cu tube (λ = 1.54056 Å).
Current–voltage (I–V) characteristics of the fabricated devices are measured by an Ivium
stat potentiostat (XRE model, Netherland) under a calibrated AM 1.5
solar simulator at 100 mW/cm2 light intensity (Sharif Solar
10-2, Iran). An IVIUM stat potentiostat/galvanostat (XRE model, Netherland)
is also utilized to record the impedance spectra of the devices in
the frequency range of 1–100 KHz under light and bias V = 0 V. Thermal analysis of the encapsulation systems is
performed by DSC (NETZSCH 200F). Further, the temperature profiles
of the PSCs under the operation condition are recorded by a thermography
camera (model: OLIP ThermoCam P200).
10
Spectroscopic Characterization of Molecular Compounds
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Mass spectra were performed on Agilent 1100 MS series and AXIMA CFR matrix assisted laser desorption ionization/time of flight (MALDI/TOF) mass spectrometer. The 1H-NMR spectra were recorded in CDCl3 on a 500 MHz NMR spectrometer (JEOL, JNM-500EX). C, H and N elemental analyses were taken on a elemental analyzer (PerkinElmer, 240C). The infrared (IR) spectra were measured using a FT-IR spectrometer (Bruker, VERTEX 80v) by incorporating samples in KBr disks. The steady-state absorption spectra were measured by a bi-pass fiber spectrometer (Avantes, AvaSpec-2048). One-photon fluorescence (OPF) measurements were carried out by use of a fiber optic spectrometer (Ocean Optics 4000). Two-photon fluorescence (TPF) and two-colour pump–probe experiments were carried out with Ti:sapphire mode-lock femtosecond laser system (Coherent), which consists of pumping source (Verdi-V5), oscillator stage (Mira 900), amplifier stage (Legend Elite) and optical parametric amplifier (Topas). The centered wavelength of the pulses from the oscillator stage is 800 nm, with average power of 600 mW, repetition rate of 76 MHz, and pulse width of 110 fs. When the pulses passed through the amplifier stage, the repetition rate becomes 1 kHz, and the single pulse energy becomes 3.5 mJ.
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