Ultima 4 x ray diffraction meter

¹H NMR was recorded on an Agilent 400 MHz NMR spectrometer. The mass spectrum was obtained with an Agilent-1100 LC/MSD mass spectrometer. The morphology of exfoliated montmorillonite 2D nanosheets was observed by a FEI JEM-1200EX transmission electron microscope (TEM). The thickness of 2D nanosheets was measured using Bruker Dimension Icon atomic force microscope (AFM). The surface and cross-sectional morphology of the stacked layered films were observed using a FEI Quanta FEG 250 environmental scanning electron microscope (SEM). An Ultima IV X-ray diffraction meter (Rigaku Corporation, Japan) was used to determine the interlayer spacing of layered film. The UV-visible absorption and diffuse reflection spectra were recorded using a UV-3600 spectrometer (Shimadzu, Japan). The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra were measured on a Nicolet 6700 spectrometer (Thermo).

The morphology of GO nanosheets was observed with a FEI JEM-1200EX transmission electron microscope (TEM). The thickness of GO nanosheets was determined with a Bruker Dimension Icon atomic force microscope (AFM). A FEI Quanta FEG 250 environmental scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to observe the surface and cross-sectional morphology of the GO membrane. The interlayer spacing of GO membranes was calculated based on the X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD) measured by an Ultima IV X-ray diffraction meter (Rigaku Corporation, Japan). A Nicolet IS10 transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectrometer was used to characterize the compositions of polypyrrole. Water contact angle (CA) measurements were performed using a POWEREACH JC2000D1 contact-angle system (Shanghai Zhongchen Co., Ltd., China). Raman spectra were measured by a Renishaw inVia spectrometer with a 532 nm laser excitation.