Hexane

The standard solutions (2 mg mL⁻¹) of the six target PAE pollutants, recommended in the list of priority pollutants by USEPA, comprising DMP, DEP, DBP, BBP, DEHP, and DOP, mixed in hexane and benzyl benzoate (BB) dry reagent (100 mg), used as an internal standard, were all obtained from AccuStandard Corporation (New Haven, CT, USA). A certified reference material (CRM) 136-100 (BNAs-Clay 1) was purchased from RT Corporation (Laramie, WY, USA). The organic solvents acetone and hexane (both high performance liquid chromatography grade) were purchased from Tedia Company (Fairfield, OH, USA). The packing materials Na₂SO₄ (reagent grade), neutral Al₂O₃ (400 mesh, reagent grade), neutral silica gel (100 to 200 mesh), and H₂SO₄ (guaranteed reagent) for glassware washing were obtained from Tianjin Yongda Chemical Reagent Co. Ltd., Tianjin, China. The packing materials were dried separately in a muffle furnace at 400 °C for 6 h and stored in desiccators before use [27 (link)].

Racemic ketoprofen was isolated from inexpensive, over-the-counter tablets (100 mg PiSA Farmaceutica). (S)-(+)-ketoprofen analytical standard, Cándida rugosa lipase, Cándida antarctica lipase type B, porcine pancreatic Lipase, and Mucor javanicus lipase were obtained from Sigma Aldrich Company (St. Louis, MO, USA). Decan-1-ol, octan-1-ol, butan-1-ol, and methan-1-ol were purchased from Alfa Aesar. Cyclohexane, hexane, hexanes, isopropanol, and isooctane were purchased from Tedia (Ohio, OH, USA). Monobasic potassium phosphate and dibasic potassium phosphate were purchased from Spectrum Chemical Company. All other chemicals and analytical-grade reagents were from commercial sources and used as received.

GT3 (a kind gift of M. Hauer-Jensen) was obtained from Yasoo Health Inc. (Johnson City, TN). Shortly before administration, GT3 was dispersed in a mixture of PEG-400 (Sigma, St. Louis, MO). 2,2,5,7,8-pentamethyl-6-chroman (PMC) as an internal standard for HPLC was purchased from Sigma. Hexane (Tedia Company Inc, USA), alcohol (Tedia Company Inc, USA), methanol (Merk KGaA, Germany), acetonitrile (Tedia Company Inc, USA) and methylene chloride (Merk KGaA, Germany) were of HPLC grade. Dibutyryl-cAMP (db-cAMP) was purchased from Sigma. All other reagents and chemicals were commercially available extra-pure-grade products.

Carbon dioxide (Industrial grade) was obtained from Praxair S.A. (Guadalajara, Mexico) and ethanol from Reactivos Guadalajara (Guadalajara, Mexico). The α-tocopherol, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, pyridoxine, ammonium acetate, acetic acid, fatty acid methyl esters mix (Supelco 37 component FAME Mix), Folin–Ciocalteu reagent, sodium carbonate, DPPH, sodium acetate, TPTZ, ferric chloride hexahydrate, trolox, and ABTS were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Toluca, Mexico). Lutein and β-carotene (analytical grade) were purchased from CaroteNature (Lupsingen, Switzerland). Methanol, acetone, hexane, sulfuric acid and water (HPLC grade) were acquired from Tedia (Monterrey, Mexico). Helium and nitrogen were purchased from Infra S.A. (Monterrey, Mexico). All reagents were ACS grade, unless otherwise stated.

methanol high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) degree (J.T. Baker, Phillipsburg, NJ, USA), Chloroform-d (deuterochloroform, CDCl3) (Cambridge, Tewksbury, MA, USA), potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium (HiMedia, Mumbai, India), ethyl acetate, hexane, and methanol were purchased from Tedia (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil). Brewer thioglycolate medium, RPMI 1640 medium, Schneider’s insect medium, amphotericin B, streptomycin, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), EPON 812 resin, glutaraldehyde, osmium tetroxide, sodium cacodylate buff;er, ferrocyanide, calcium chloride, acetone, uranyl acetate, and lead citrate were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Fetal bovine serum (FBS) and penicillin were acquired from Gibco (Gaithersburg, MD, USA). Tetramethylrhodamine ethyl ester (TMRE) was acquired from Molecular Probes (Carlsbad, CA, USA).

Standard aflatoxins (AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, and AFG2) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). The reagents KCl and CuSO₄ were ACS grade from Vetec (Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil). Trifluoroacetic acid for HPLC was purchased from Tedia (São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil). The organic solvents hexane, chloroform, acetonitrile, and methanol HPLC grade were acquired from Tedia (São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil); ultrapure water was obtained using a Rios/Milli-Q^® purification system (Millipore, Danvers, MA, USA). Qualitative filter papers grade 1 were purchased from Whatman (Maidstone, Kant, UK), and the HPLC 13 mm polypropylene filters with 0.45 µm PVDF membrane Durapore^® (Millipore, Danvers, MA, USA) were purchased from Merck (São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil). Plate count agar (PCA), used for total mesophilic count, Dichloran Rose Bengal Chloramphenicol (DRBC) agar, malt extract agar (MEA), and potato dextrose agar (PDA) used in fungal analyses were obtained from Himedia (Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil).

CA (394-60S) was received from Eastman (Palo Alto, CA, USA). N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), solvent of CA, was delivered by Tedia Company Inc., Fairfield, OH, USA. DETA and TMC were supplied by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan). Different solvents for TMC were tetralin (Sigma Aldrich, Saint Louis, MO, USA), toluene (Echo Chemical Co., Ltd., Taoyuan, Taiwan), hexane (Tedia Company Inc., Fairfield, OH, USA) and isopentane (Tedia Company Inc., Fairfield, OH, USA). Alcohols used for pervaporation such as methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, and tert-butanol, were all supplied by Echo Chemical Co., Ltd. (Taoyuan, Taiwan). Liquid nitrogen and helium were bought at Yang Special Gas Co., Ltd. (Taoyuan, Taiwan).