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12 protocols using ghost red 780 viability dye

1

CD4+ T Cell Response to Listeria

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Control WT (CD4-Cre alone) and Pik3ip1fl/fl × CD4-Cre mice were infected intravenously with 15,000 CFU L. monocytogenes in 200 µl PBS. Bacterial titers were quantified by lysing whole livers in PBS, plating a 1:10 dilution on brain-heart infusion agar plates, and culturing overnight. Cells were stained with the following antibodies and dyes and analyzed by flow cytometry: Ghost Red 780 viability dye (Tonbo Biosciences; 13-0865-T100); anti-mCD4 Brilliant Violet 510 (clone GK1.5; BioLegend, 100449); anti-mCD8a PE (clone 53-6.7; Tonbo Biosciences, 50-0081-U100); anti-mCD62L PerCP-Cy5.5 (clone MEL-14; eBioscience, 45-0621-80); anti-mKLRG1 FITC (clone 2F1; Tonbo Biosciences, 35-5893-U100); anti-mCD127 PE-Cy7 (clone A7R34; Tonbo Biosciences, 60-1271-U025); and anti-mCD44 violet Fluor 450 (clone IM7; Tonbo Biosciences, 75-0441-U025). All Ab staining was performed at 4°C in PBS containing 1% BGS and 0.1% sodium azide. GP33 tetramers were provided as APC fluorophore-conjugated tetramers by the NIH tetramer core facility and used for identification of gp33-specific CD8+ and CD4+ T cells.
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2

Intracellular Cytokine Analysis of Splenic and Ocular Cells

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Mouse spleen and eye infiltrating cell cultures were prepared and their intracellular expression of IL-17, IFN-γ, Τ−bet, or RORγt were determined as detailed elsewhere [23 , 26 (link)]. Briefly, the cells were incubated with ionomycin/PMA and Brefeldin A (GolgiPlug, BD Biosciences), followed by staining with conjugated anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody (145–2C11, BD Biosciences), anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody (RM4–5, Biolegend) and anti-CD45 monoclonal antibody (30-F11, Biolegend). After 4% paraformaldehyde fixation and permeabilization (BD bioscience) cells were intracellularly stained for T-bet (4B10, Biolegend), RORγt (AFKJS-9, BD Bioscience), IFN-γ (XMG1.2, Biolegend) and IL-17A (TC11–18H10.1, ebioscience). The staining patterns were analyzed by a MACSQuant Analyzer 10 (Miltenyi Bioitec. Cambridge, MA) and processed by FlowJo (Tree Star, Ashland, OR). Dead cells were excluded using ghost red 780 viability dye (Tonbo biosciences, San Diego, CA) and only single cells were gated for further analysis using FSC-A and FSC-H. Gating strategies are shown in supplementary Fig. S3 and Fig. S4.
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3

Multiparametric Flow Cytometry Analysis

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Lymph nodes and spleens were harvested in RPMI and pressed through a 70 μm filter to achieve a single cell suspension for compensation control samples. Brains were harvested and manually homogenized using a dounce homogenizer as previously described (12 (link)). Brain samples were filtered through a 70 μm filter to achieve a single cell suspension into a 50% percoll solution. Samples were centrifuged at 7,840 g. The myelin debris layer formed at the top of the gradient was aspirated. All samples were washed twice and plated in a 96-well v bottom plate. Peptide:MHC tetramers were constructed by our lab and samples were stained at a 1:100 dilution of tetramer for 30 min at room temperature in the dark. Following a wash, antibodies against CD45, CD11c, CD11b, I-Ab, CD80, CD86, VEGFR2, Nrp-1, CD4, CD8α, PD-1, and Tim-3 were used for staining at a 1:100 dilution for 30 min on ice in the dark (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA; Tonbo Biosciences, San Diego, CA) in addition to Ghost Red 780 Viability Dye used at a 1:1000 dilution (Tonbo Biosciences, San Diego, CA). Samples were fixed with 2% paraformaldehyde. Samples were subsequently run on a BD LSRII flow cytometer equipped with FACSDiva software (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA). Samples were digitally compensated using single-stained controls and analyzed by FlowJo v10 software (FlowJo LLC, Ashland, OR).
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4

In Vivo Immunotherapy Combination Protocol

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CpG 1826 was purchased from Integrated DNA Technologies. OX40 antibody [Anti-OX40 (CD134) antibody, rat immunoglobulin G1, OX86 clone, European Collection of Cell Cultures] was harvested and isolated from the ascites of immunodeficient mice, as previously described (33 (link)). CpG (50 µg) and/or OX40 (4 µg, 20 µg, or 100 µg) were injected IT with a 29 ½ gauge insulin syringe in 60 µL PBS every other day for three total doses (days 0, 2, 4 or days 5, 7, 9 depending on the experiment).
The following antibodies were used for flow cytometry analysis: anti-CD16/32 (93), CD45 BV510 (30-F11), CD45 FITC (30-F11), CD3 PE-Cy5 (145-2C11), CD4 BV785 (GK1.5), CD19 PE-Cy5 (6D5), CD19 APC (6D5), CD19 BV421 (6D5), Ly6G Alexa647 (1A8), IFNγ PE-Cy7 (XMG1.2), and OX40 PE (OX-86) all from BioLegend; CD8 APC-R700 (53-6.7), CD25 BB515 (PC61), NK1.1 PE-CF594 (PK136), Ly6C BV605 (AL-21), and CD11b V450 (M1/70) all from BD Biosciences; FoxP3/Transcription Factor Staining Buffer Set and FoxP3 PE-Cy7 (FJK-16s) from eBioscience. GhostRed780 Viability Dye (Tonbo Biosciences) was used for live/dead staining.
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5

Multiparametric Flow Cytometry

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Flow cytometry was performed on Attune NxT Flow Cytometer (Thermo Fisher Scientific) using fluorochrome conjugated mAbs with corresponding isotype matched controls. Live/dead cell separation was done by staining cells with Ghost red 780 viability dye (Tonbo bioscience). 1X PBS containing 0.5% BSA and 0.05% Azide use consistently as FACS buffer for incubating cells with antibodies, and for washing. For intracellular staining of iNOS and Ki67, intracellular staining kit (BD Bioscience) was used, following the manufacturer’s instructions. Flow data were analyzed using FCS Express 6 flow cytometry software.
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6

Flow Cytometry Analysis of Immune Cells

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Antibodies and reagents used for flow cytometry were as follows: CD11c-BV421 (585452), MHCII-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) (553623), 7-aminoactinomycin D (7AAD) (51-68981E), CD69-FITC (553236), CD11c-phycoerythrin (PE) (557401), and anti-mouse CD16/CD32 (Fc block) (553142) provided by Becton Dickinson (BD); CD40-allophycocyanin (APC) (20-8050-U025), CD44-V450 (75-0441-U025), CD4-PECy7 (60-0041-U100), CD45.1-PerCPCy5 (65-0453-U500), CD3-FITC (35-0031-U500), CD8-PECy7 (60-0081), and Ghost Red 780 Viability Dye (13-0865-T100) from Tonbo Biosciences; CD4-FITC (130-109-498), CD62L-PerCP-Vio700 (130-107-072), CD25-APC (130-109-052), CD4-PerCPCy5.5 (130-109-497), and CD11c-FITC (130-102-466) provided by Miltenyi; CCR7-PE (120105) and TCRβ-APCCy7 (109220) from BioLegend; and AbC RH capture beads (A10389) and LIVE/DEAD Fixable Yellow Dead Cell Stain (L34968) from Invitrogen. In addition, cell dyes 5-(and-6)-(((4-chloromethyl)benzoyl)amino)tetramethylrhodamine (CMTMR) (C2927) and carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester (CFSE) (C34554) were obtained from Thermo Fisher Scientific, and recombinant murine chemokine MIP-3β (CCL19) (250-27B) was provided by Peprotech.
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7

Dissociation of Larval Zebrafish Forebrains

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Forebrains (cut right behind the eyes, see Fig. 1A) were collected from a random sample of 80 7 dpf larvae expressing GFP from the Ety321 enhancer trap line and placed into 250-500 μL Neurobasal medium on ice (n = 80). Samples were dissociated using the Worthington Papain Dissociation System (Catalog #: LK003150). Briefly, forebrains were spun at 700 g for 5 minutes at RT. Neurobasal medium was removed, Papain + DNase mix was added, and samples were incubated for 30–35 min at RT with constant agitation. Cells were then dissociated further via pipetting until the mixture was homogeneous. Cells were then spun down at 700 g for 5 min at RT. Supernatant was removed, cells were resuspended in stop solution, and incubated with constant agitation for 5 min. Cells were then washed 2x in wash solution (0.22 μM filtered glucose, 1 M hepes, Fetal Bovine Serum, and Dulbecco’s Phosphate Buffered Saline), filtered through a 35 μm strainer (Catalog #:352235), and placed on ice. 1 μL Ghost Red 780 Viability Dye (Tonbo Biosciences, Catalog # 13–0865-T100) was added to 1 mL of wash solution in each tube to resuspend the cells. Cells were sorted within 4 hr. of starting the dissection; longer than this resulted in reduced viability.
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8

Multiparametric Flow Cytometry

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Flow cytometry was performed on Attune NxT Flow Cytometer (Thermo Fisher Scientific) using fluorochrome conjugated mAbs with corresponding isotype matched controls. Live/dead cell separation was done by staining cells with Ghost red 780 viability dye (Tonbo bioscience). 1X PBS containing 0.5% BSA and 0.05% Azide use consistently as FACS buffer for incubating cells with antibodies, and for washing. For intracellular staining of iNOS and Ki67, intracellular staining kit (BD Bioscience) was used, following the manufacturer’s instructions. Flow data were analyzed using FCS Express 6 flow cytometry software.
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9

PBMC Activation and GADD45a Expression

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PBMCs (1 × 106 cells/ml) were incubated with Immunocult human CD3/CD28 T cell activator (Stemcell Technologies). For flow cytometry staining, cells were incubated with FcR human blocking reagent for 15 min at 4ºC and then incubated with Ghost Red 780 viability dye (TONBO, Biosciences), following manufacturer’s instructions. Cells were then incubated with PE-conjugated anti-CD11c, and APC-conjugated anti-CD3 antibodies (both from BD). Last, cells were incubated with FoxP3 Fix/Perm buffer and FoxP3 Perm buffer (Biolegend) following manufacturer’s instructions and incubated with anti-GADD45a Alexa fluor 488 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology) for 30 min at 4 °C. Cells were analyzed in a FACScanto Flow Cytometer. Expression of GADD45a was evaluated as mean fluorescence intensity on live, CD11c_ CD3+ cells. Gating strategy is shown in Supplementary Fig. 1.
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10

Multiparametric Flow Cytometry Panel

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The following antibodies and staining reagents were used in this study: CD4 (RM4–5; BioLegend), CD8α (53–6.7; BioLegend), Thy1.1 (OX-7; BioLegend), CD44 (1M7; BioLegend), CD122 (5H4; BioLegend), PNA (FL-1071; Vector Laboratories Inc.), PSGL-1 (2PH1; BD Biosciences), CCR7 (4B12; BioLegend), CD43 Activation-Associated Glycoform (1B11; BioLegend), CD16/32 (2.4G2; Bio X Cell), Ly6C (HK1.4; BioLegend), Sca-1 (E13–161.7; BioLegend), CD34 (MED14.7; BioLegend), I-Ab (AF6–120.1; BioLegend), MHC Class I (34–1-25; Invitrogen), I-A/I-E (M5/114.15.2; BioLegend), CD119 (IFNγR a chain) (2E2; BioLegend), Goat anti-Human IgG Fc (Polyclonal; Invitrogen/eBioscience), eBioscience Streptavidin (Invitrogen), Rat IgG2a, κ Isotype Ctrl (RTK2758; BioLegend), Ghost Red 780 Viability Dye (Tonbo biosciences), CD45.2 (104; BioLegend), IFNγ (XMG1.2; BioLegend) and TNFα (MP6-XT22; BioLegend).
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