Paws statistics

The conventional method has been used for selection of the best sugar as the carbon source for riboflavin production by B. subtilis ATCC 6051 is the onefactor-at-a-time approach (Table 1) in which a single factor is varied while fixing all others at a specific level ^{23 (link)}. A One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) test has been used to compare the means of data results (biomass and riboflavin production) using PAWS Statistics (SPSS Inc., US).
Screening experiments to select main minerals were performed with 13 factors using a PB design by Minitab 7 (Minitab Inc., US) resulting in 20 experimental runs and four center points (Table 3). The range and the levels of these 13 variables are given in table 2. A pareto chart was used to exclude insignificant factors at an alpha level of 0.05 (Figure 1). The results of the PB design revealed that three out of the 13 factors exerted significant effects on riboflavin production.
RSM based on 5-level-5-factor CCD created by Design-Expert 7 (Stat-Ease Inc., US) was used to optimize the values of the screened minerals, fructose, and yeast extract for enhancing the riboflavin production by B. subtilis (Tables 4 and 5). The experimental results of the CCD were fitted with a second-order polynomial equation by a multiple regression technique. The three-dimensional response surface presentations were plotted using Design-Expert 7.

For demographic extrapolations and comparisons with the Spanish general population, publicly available data from Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE) were used. INE is a legally independent administrative institution which serves as main repository of demographic data for Spain, including key health indicators. Patients with non‐valid LSM and those with LSM < 8 kPa from both cohorts will be excluded from final analyses under the assumption that these patients would not be referred to tertiary centres to undergo liver biopsy in real clinical practice.
Categorical data are presented as number (percentage). Continuous data are presented as mean ± standard deviation and median (interquartile range). A p < .05 was considered statistically significant. Missing values were kept as missing, and no specific statistical procedures were used for imputations. Data were collected and edited using Microsoft Excel (version Microsoft Office Pro 2019). Statistical analyses were performed using PAWS Statistics (version 19.0; SPSS Inc., Hong Kong) software.