Saturn 2200

Manufactured by Agilent Technologies

Sourced in United States

The Saturn 2200 is a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) system designed for analytical applications. It provides accurate mass determination and structural information for unknown compounds.

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Lab products found in correlation

12 protocols using saturn 2200

Hydrogenation of HMF and Furfural

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Example 3

All the reactions were carried out using 100 mL Parr autoclave (SS316). In a typical experiment, the reactor was charged with 1 mmol HMF (or 5 mmol furfural), hydrogen donor (25 mL), n-decane (0.2 g, internal standard) and required amount of freshly prepared catalyst. The reactor contents were mixed thoroughly and the reactor was sealed, purged 2-3 times with N₂and pressurized to 20 bar N₂pressure. Subsequently, the reaction vessel was heated under stirring at required temperature for a desired duration. Liquid samples were withdrawn periodically during the reaction and analyzed by GC (Agilent 7890A) equipped with a flame ionization detector (FID) having CP Sil 8CB capillary column (30 m length, 0.25 mm diameter). Product identification was done using authentic standards and GC-MS (Varian, Saturn 2200) analysis.

US11000831B2. Transition metal(s) catalyst supported on nitrogen-doped mesoporous carbon and its use in catalytic transfer hydrogenation reactions (2021-05-11). Council of Scientific & Industrial Research [IN]. Inventors: Satyanarayana Veera Venkata Chilukuri [IN], Atul Sopan Nagpure [IN].

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Quantifying Cannabinoids via GC-MS

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All quantitative GC-MS analyses of cannabinoids were performed on a Saturn 2200 ion trap-quadrupole system (Varian, Walnut Creek, CA, USA), equipped with a DB-5MS capillary column (30m × 0.25mm i.d., 0.25 μm film thickness, Agilent, SantaClara, CA, USA). The column temperature was initially set at 150 °C, held for 1 min and then increased at a rate of 10 °C/min up to 230 °C, which was held for 1 min. Then, the temperature was raised to 270 °C at a rate of 3 °C/min and finally increased at a rate of 10 °C/min up to 290 °C and held for 3 min. The injection volume was 1 μL, with a split ratio of 1:30. Helium was used as the carrier gas, at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The injector, transfer line and source temperature were set at 250, 290 and 250 °C, respectively. MS detection was performed with electron ionization (EI) at 70 eV, operating in the full-scan acquisition mode in the m/z range 43–510. The EOs were diluted to 1:10 (v/v) with MeOH before GC-MS analysis. For CBD calibration curve, the concentration range was 5–100 ng/μL. (r² = 0.994). For the quantification of CBD, the transition 314.3→231.4 m/z was monitored.

Iseppi R., Brighenti V., Licata M., Lambertini A., Sabia C., Messi P., Pellati F, & Benvenuti S. (2019). Chemical Characterization and Evaluation of the Antibacterial Activity of Essential Oils from Fibre-Type Cannabis sativa L. (Hemp). Molecules, 24(12), 2302.

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IAA Quantification in Plant Cuttings

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Concentrations of IAA in the stem base of cuttings were analysed on a Varian Saturn 2200 ion-trap mass spectrometer connected to a CP-3800 gas chromatograph (Agilent, Santa Clara, CA, USA) using (²H)₂-IAA as internal calibration standard. The general extraction and clean-up protocols of samples, parameters of gas chromatography and settings of mass spectrometry of IAA are described by Ahkami et al. (2013) (link).

Yang H., Klopotek Y., Hajirezaei M.R., Zerche S., Franken P, & Druege U. (2019). Role of auxin homeostasis and response in nitrogen limitation and dark stimulation of adventitious root formation in petunia cuttings. Annals of Botany, 124(6), 1053-1066.

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Analyzing Biogenic Amines and Lysine in Feeds

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Biogenic amines, cadaverine, and free lysine were analyzed from individual vessels incubated in experiment 3. Analysis of biogenic amines was performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Samples (25 g) of liquid feed were extracted with 125 mL 10% trichloracetic acid. The extract was filtered before 500 µL of the filtrate was blended with 375 µL distilled H₂O and 100 µL 1.7 diaminoheptane as an internal standard. The extract was purified over a solid phase and derivatized followed by liquid extraction with iso-octane. The organic phase was separated and dried using N gas. The residue was resuspended in a mixture of 100 µL 80% iso-octane and 20% chloroform (wt/vol) and injected into a GC (CP—3800 GC, Varian Inc., Palo Alto, CA) coupled with an MS (Saturn 2200, Varian Inc., Palo Alto, CA). A 5-point regression calibration was developed before any measurements were taken. Biogenic amines and cadaverine were analyzed by LKS Lichtenwalde (Niederwiesa, Germany). Free lysine was determined according to the European Commission (2009 ; regulation 152/2009). Free AA were extracted with 0.1 mol HCl/l. Norleucin was used as an internal standard in all samples. Lysine analyses were performed by LUFA-ITL (Kiel, Germany).

Lau N., Hummel J., Kramer E, & Hünerberg M. (2022). Fermentation of liquid feed with lactic acid bacteria reduces dry matter losses, lysine breakdown, formation of biogenic amines, and phytate-phosphorus. Translational Animal Science, 6(1), txac007.

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GC-MS Analysis of LGBME Compounds

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LGBME was analyzed by GC–MS analysis technique performed by GC (Model CP-3800, Varian, Santa Clara, CA, USA) with MS (model: Varian Saturn-2200) spectrometer equipped with a flame-ionization detector and capillary column with VF-5 ms (30 m × 0.25 mm, 0.25 μm). The instrument was operated using electron-impact-ionization mode under specified conditions (ionization voltage −70 eV, detector temperature 280 °C, and injector temperature 250 °C). Helium, an inert gas, was used as a carrier gas, the flow rate was 1 mL/minute, and the sample injection volume was 1 μL. The initial temperature for the column was 40 °C (1 min), and the final temperature was 310 °C at a gradually increasing rate of 10 °C/minute. Temperature was held constant at 310 °C for 10 min. Chemical compounds were identified by their GC retention time, retention indices relative to n-alkanes, and comparison of their mass spectra with the NIST 2008 (National Institute Standard and Technology 2008) Library data.

Shafiq S., Zahan R., Yesmin S., Khan A., Mahmud M.S., Reza M.A., Albogami S.M., Alorabi M., De Waard M., Saad H.M., Sabatier J.M., Naz T, & Batiha G.E. (2022). Phytochemical Analysis and Understanding the Antioxidant and Anticancer Properties of Methanol Extract from Litsea glutinosa: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies. Molecules, 27(20), 6964.

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Pesticide Residue Analysis by GC-ECD and GC-MS

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The pesticide residues were analyzed by gas chromatograph equipped with ⁶³Ni electron capture detector (SHIMADZU GC-2010) and presence of pesticides was confirmed by Varian Saturn 2200 GC-MS.
The determinations of pesticides residue had been performed following U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), Method- 8081 B and self-modified laboratory method using GC-SHIMADZU with Electron Capture Detector. The column specifications and operating conditions are given in Table 1.
A Varian Saturn 2200 gas chromatograph mass spectrometer was used for confirmation of pesticide analysis. The injection port temperature was set at 250°C and a liner with a plug of glass wool was installed. An amount of 1 μL of the concentrated extracts was injected in split mode (1:5). Helium was used as the carrier gas at a flow rate of 0.94 mL/min. The pesticides were separated with a 50.10 min oven temperature program built as follows: initial temperature 40°C (hold 2 min), increase at 25^◦C min^-1 to 130°C (hold 0 min), increase at 12^◦C min^-1 to 180°C (hold 0 min) and finally increase at 3^◦C min^-1 to 280°C (hold 7 min). The mass spectrometer was operated in the electron impact (70 eV) selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode. The temperature of the injector and interface were 200°C and 250°C, respectively.

Lari S.Z., Khan N.A., Gandhi K.N., Meshram T.S, & Thacker N.P. (2014). Comparison of pesticide residues in surface water and ground water of agriculture intensive areas. Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering, 12, 11.

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Quantifying Transgenic Essential Oils

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Young leaves (~ 0.5 g) of transgenic or control L. latifolia plants were harvested and immediately placed in separate 15-mL glass test tubes each containing 5 mL pentane, and 50 µg thymol as an internal standard. This was followed by sonication on ice for 30 min. Pentane, containing EO constituents, from each sample was then treated with activated charcoal and run on a Varian CP 3800 GC coupled to a Saturn 2200 MS/MS according to previously described methods (Adal et al. 2017) (link). Brie y, a 1 µl sample was injected with the following instrument setting. Column ow rate: 1 mL min - 1 , injector temperature: - 1 , and hold for 5 min. The relative percent composition of EO constituents in transgenic and control samples was calculated based on an internal standard (thymol) as previously described (Erland and Mahmoud 2015) (link). Statistical analysis (Student's t-test) was performed using SigmaPlot v 12.5 (Systat Software, Germany).

Adal A.M., Najafianashrafi E., Sarker L.S, & Mahmoud S.S. (2023). Cloning, functional characterization and evaluating potential in metabolic engineering for lavender ( +)-bornyl diphosphate synthase. Plant molecular biology, 111(1-2).

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Volatile Compound Analysis by SPME-GC-MS

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Desorption of the captured volatile compounds were desorbed inside the injection port of the gas chromatograph for 1 min at 250 ºC. The volatile compounds captured by SPME were identified chemically in a gas chromatograph (Varian CP/3800) coupled to a mass spectrometer (Varian Saturn 2200), using a cast non-polar SPB-1 capillary column 30 m long, 0.25 mm interior diameter (Supelco  , Toluca, Mexico). Analysis was performed with a temperature ramp beginning with an initial temperature of 50 ºC (for 2 min), increasing 15 ºC every min until reaching 280 ºC held for 10 min. Helium was the carrier gas and injector temperature was 250 ºC. Ionization was carried out by electron impact at 70 eV. The compounds were identified by comparing the retention index, mass spectra and retention times with those of synthetic standards. Other compounds were tentatively identified based on comparison with spectra from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) library, version 2.0.

Espadas-Pinacho K., López-Guillén G., Gómez-Ruiz J, & Cruz-López L. (2021). Induced volatiles in the interaction between soybean (Glycine max) and the Mexican soybean weevil (Rhyssomatus nigerrimus). Brazilian journal of biology = Revista brasleira de biologia, 81(3).

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GC-MS Analysis of Volatile Compounds

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Volatile compounds were analyzed in a GC (Varian 3800) equipped with an MS detector (Saturn 2200), an automatic sampler (CP-8400) and an autoinjector (CP-8410). The separation was performed on a phenomenex ZB-WAX (30 m × 0.32 mm × 0.50 µm film thickness). The injector temperature was 250 °C and helium was the carrier gas at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The oven programme started at 40 °C (held for 10 min), increased to 100 °C at 15 °C/min (held for 5 min) and finally to 250 °C at 15 °C/ min and held at that temperature for 5 min. The MS was operated in electron ionization mode (70 eV) and scanning was programmed for a m/z range of 29-300. Identification of volatile compounds was achieved by comparison with reference standard, matched spectra from the NIST 2.0 library and fragmentation patterns for compounds reported in the literature. For quantitation of volatiles, stock solutions of standards were dissolved in dichloromethane, and thereafter working concentrations were prepared by diluting to appropriate levels in a model wine solution containing 10 % ethanol, 3.0 g/L malic acid and the pH adjusted to 3.0 with NaOH.

Ifie I., Marshall L.J., Ho P, & Williamson G. (2016). Hibiscus sabdariffa (Roselle) Extracts and Wine: Phytochemical Profile, Physicochemical Properties, and Carbohydrase Inhibition. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 64(24).

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Identification of Insect Pheromone Compound

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The Porapak Q extracts were analyzed with a Varian CP-3800 GC linked to a Varian Saturn 2200 mass spectrometer (Varian, Palo Alto, California). The capillary column and the temperature program were the same as those described for the GC-EAD analysis. The carrier gas was helium at a constant flow rate (1.0 mL/min). The injector port temperature was held at 200 °C. The antennal-active component was tentatively identified based on comparison with spectra from the NIST/EPA/NIH Mass Spectral Library (version 2.0, 2002) . The identity of the compound was confirmed by comparing retention times and mass spectra of synthetic standards. The synthetic 2-methyl-4-octanol was prepared according to procedures reported elsewhere (Perez et al. 1997) . This compound was identified as a component of the aggregation pheromone of Metamasius hemipterus sericeus (Oliver) (Perez et al. 1997) . Purity of the compound was 95% based on capillary GC analysis using a flame ionization detector.

Illescas-Riquelme C.P., Llanderal-Cázares C., Ruiz-Montiel C., González-Hernández H., Alatorre-Rosas R., Cruz-López L, & Rojas J.C. (2016). Evidence for Male-Produced Aggregation Pheromone in Sphenophorus incurrens (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Florida Entomologist., 99(3).

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