Sulphaphenazole

Bergenin (≥98%) and testosterone (≥98%) were obtained from the National Institute for the Control of Pharmaceutical and Biological Products (Beijing, China). d-Glucose-6-phosphate, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, corticosterone (≥98%), NADP⁺, phenacetin (≥98%), acetaminophen (≥98%), 4-hydroxymephenytoin (≥98%), 7-hydroxyCoumarin (≥98%), 4′-hydroxydiclofenac (≥98%), sulphaphenazole (≥98%), quinidine (≥98%), tranylcypromine (≥98%), chlorzoxazone (≥98%), 6-hydroxychlorzoxazone (≥98%), paclitaxel (≥98%), 6β-hydroxytestosterone (≥98%), clomethiazole (≥98%) and furafylline (≥98%) were obtained from Sigma Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO). Montelukast (≥98%) was obtained from Beijing Aleznova Pharmaceutical (Beijing, China). Coumarin (≥98%), diclofenac (≥98%), dextromethorphan (≥98%) and ketoconazole (≥98%) were purchased from ICN Biomedicals (Aurora, OH). Pooled HLMs were purchased from BD Biosciences Discovery Labware (Bedford, MD). All other reagents and solvents were of analytical reagent grade.

The following chemicals were used in Krebs–Henseleit buffer preparation (in mmol/L): NaCl, 118.3; NaHCO₃, 25; glucose, 11; KCl, 4.7; CaCl₂, 2.5; MgSO₄, 1.2 and KH₂PO₄, 1.2 (all from Carl Roth GmbH, Karlsruhe, Germany). Drugs used in the vasoreactivity study are as follows: N^ω-nitro L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), indomethacin, acetylcholine hydrochloride (ACh), phenylephrine and baicalein (Sigma-Aldrich Chemie GmbH, Steinheim, Germany), quinacrine, sulphaphenazole, N-(methylsulfonyl)-2-(2-propynyloxy) benzenehexanamide (MS-PPOH), N-(4-butyl-2-methylphenyl)-N'-hydroxy-methanimidamide (HET0016), 12-[[(tricyclo[3.3.1.13,7]dec-1-ylamino)carbonyl]amino]-dodecanoic acid (AUDA), N-[1-(1-oxopropyl)-4-piperidinyl]-N’-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-urea (TPPU), 14,15-epoxyeicosa-5(Z)-enoic acid (14,15-EEZE), and all four EET regioisomers i.e. ( ±)5,6-, ( ±)8,9-, ( ±)11,12-, and ( ±)14,15-EET were purchased from Cayman Chemical (Ann Arbor, MI, USA). Ethanol in 14, 15-EEZE and EETs was evaporated and dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). L-NAME was dissolved in phosphate buffer saline (PBS), whereas indomethacin, baicalein, quinacrine, sulphaphenazole, MS-PPOH, TPPU and AUDA were dissolved in DMSO, according to the manufacturer’s instructions. DMSO at ≤ 0.2% (v/v) did not influence vasoreactivity, as reported previously^{3 (link),71 (link),72 (link)}.