Mos2 nanosheets

The MoS₂ nanosheets used in this study were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (99.995%, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, USA). According to the method reported previously [26 ], field emission scanning electron microscopy combined with energy dispersive spectrometry (FE-SEM, Hitachi S-4800) was utilized to determine the surface morphology and relative abundance of chemical elements of the MoS₂ samples. In addition, the MoS₂ samples were analyzed using a HR800 Raman Microscope (Horiba Jobin Yvon, France) and focalized using a 40 × objective with an excitation wavelength of 514 nm, adjusting the exposure time to acquire the correct spectrum.

MoS₂ nanosheets and poly(l-lysine) (PLL) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Shanghai, China). V9302 hydrochloride was purchased from MedChem Express (purity = 98.88%, Shanghai China). Anti-mouse PD-L1 (B7-H1) was purchased from Bio X cell (West Lebanon, USA). Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM), Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS), and Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS) were from Thermo Scientific (Waltham, MA). 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Glutamine Detection Assay Kit was obtained from Abcam (ab197011). Deionized water (Millipore) with a resistivity of 18 MΩ/cm was used in all experiments.