ESD was performed using a colonoscope with a waterjet instrument (PCF-H290, CF-HQ290 or PCF-H290T; Olympus, Tokyo, Japan) and an attachment (D-201-12704; Olympus) fitted to the tip. Incision and dissection were performed with a FlushKnife BTS (DK2620 J -B15S-; Fujifilm) or a DualKnifeJ (KD-655Q; Olympus, Tokyo, Japan). Precut-coagulation of vessel or hemostasis was performed with Coagrasper (FD-411QR; Olympus, Tokyo, Japan). In addition, hyaluronic acid (MucoUp; Boston scientific Tokyo, Japan) with a small volume of epinephrine and indigo carmine was injected.
High-frequency power supply (VIO300D; Erbe, Tübingen, Germany) was used. The endocut I mode (effect 3, duration 2, interval 2) was used for mucosal incision and submucosal dissection. The forced coagulation mode 45 W (effect 2) was used for submucosal dissection, and the soft coagulation mode 80 W (effect 5) was used for precut-coagulation and hemostatic treatment.