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2 protocols using 1 4 butanediol

1

Characterization of Catalytic Materials

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Glycerol was purchased from Nacalai Tesque, Japan. Polyols, including ethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, 1,2-butanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,4-butanediol and 1,2-pentanediol, were purchased from Wako Pure Chemical Industries and Tokyo Chemical Industry, Japan. γ-Al2O3 (JRC-ALO-8), ZrO2(JRC-ZRO-3, monoclinic), TiO2(JRC-TIO-4, rutile) and Nb2O5 (JRC-NBO-1, orthorhombic) were supplied by Japan Reference Catalyst. (NH4)10W12O41·5H2O and WO3 were purchased from Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Japan. All zeolites such as H-ZSM-5(90), H-β(25), H-Y(5.5) and H-MOR(20), namely, JRC-Z5-90H, JRC-Z-HB25, JRC-Z-HY5.5 and JRC-Z-HM20, where the number in parentheses is the SiO2/Al2O3 ratio, were supplied by Japan Reference Catalyst.
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2

Solvent Selection and Characterization

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The following 30 solvents (96.0%–99.0% pure) were used without purification: linear alkanes with different carbon chain length (n = 6–16); aromatic hydrocarbons; linear aliphatic alcohols with different carbon chain length (n = 1–9); aromatic alcohols with different carbon chain length of the alkyl group (n = 0–3); acetate esters; unsaturated hydrocarbons; and branched alkanes. Hexane, octane, nonane, decane, dodecane, tetradecane, hexadecane, toluene, styrene, methanol, ethanol, 1-heptanol, 1-octanol, 1,4-butanediol, benzyl alcohol, 2-phenylethanol, propyl acetate, iso -butyl acetate, tert -butyl acetate, butyl acetate, pentyl acetate, octyl acetate, 1-octadecene, and squalene were supplied by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. (Osaka, Japan). Butylbenzene, tert-Butylbenzene, octylbenzene, 1-nonanol, and 3-phenyl-1-propanol were supplied by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan). Diluted ethane and ethylene (99.5% pure) and undiluted acetylene (0.1% in N2) were used as standard gases for gas chromatography. These gases were supplied by GL sciences Inc. (Tokyo, Japan). For the spin-trapping agent, we used 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (DMPO; > 97.0% pure), which was supplied by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan).
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