Cuo nps

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) antigen, first and second PSA antibodies (Ab1 and Ab2) and ELISA kits were ordered from Linc-Bio Science Co. LTD (Shanghai, China). CuO NPs were obtained from Nanjing XFNANO Materials Tech Co., Ltd. (Nanjing, China). Bovine serum albumin (BSA), immunoglobin G (IgG), albumin and hemoglobin were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Shanghai, China). Fluorescently-labeled peptide SGHK-Dns was ordered from ChinaPeptides Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Serum sample from one 36-year-old donor was provided by the health center of Anyang Normal University (Anyang, China). All the other chemicals were purchased from Aladdin Reagent Company (Shanghai, China). They are of analytical grade and used as received without additional purification. The solutions were prepared freshly with deionized water treated using a Millipore Milli-Qwater.

The metal oxide nanoparticles (TiO₂-NPs, ZnO-NPs and CuO-NPs) used in this research were purchased from Nanjing XFNANO Materials Tech Co., Ltd, (Nanjing, China), and the purity of the nanomaterials is above 99.9%. The characterizations of nanoparticles were performed in the Key laboratory of nano-micro materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School. The size of the metal oxidize nanoparticles was detected by a field emission scanning electron microscope (ZEISS SUPRA^® 55, Carl Zeiss, Jena, Germany), and the specific surface area was detected by an Accelerated Surface Area and Porosimetry System (ASAP 2020 HD88, Micromeritics, Atlanta, GA, USA). The diameter size of these MNPs in the range of 20–40 nm. The specific surface areas of the TiO₂-NPs, ZnO-NPs and CuO-NPs were 77.4 m²·g⁻¹, 21.5 m²·g⁻¹ and 131 m²·g⁻¹, respectively.