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90 protocols using c57bl 6 mice

1

Investigating Menin Knockout Mice

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C57BL6 mice were purchased from Clea Japan, Inc. C57BL6 mice of 6–10 weeks of age and ≥30 weeks of age were used as young mice and old mice, respectively. Meninflox/flox mice and Cre transgenic (Tg) mice under the control of the Cd4 promoter were purchased from The Jackson Laboratory. In addition, we generated WT OT‐1 Tg mice or Menin KO OT‐1 Tg mice by crossing WT mice or Menin KO mice with OT‐1 Tg mice. WT and Menin KO mice of 10–16 weeks of age were used in in vivo experiments. All the animal experiments received approval from the Ehime University Administrative Panel for Animal Care.
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2

Diabetic Mouse Cornea Experiments

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In this study, 7-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were purchased from CLEA Japan Inc. (Tokyo, Japan). STZ (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, Missouri) (200 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally administered once in 8-week-old male C57BL/6 mice to induce diabetes mellitus in mice55 . Diabetic mice with blood glucose levels > 300 mg/dL were used in the experiments. The AGE inhibitor pyridoxamine dihydrochloride (Tokyo Chemical Industry, Tokyo, Japan) in 1 g/L of water was used to suppress AGE deposition in the cornea of diabetic mice. Male C57BL/6 mice began consuming this water 1 week before the intraperitoneal administration of STZ37 (link). We raised these mice until 24 weeks of age and used them for experiments. Diabetic mice (24-week-old), diabetic mice that consumed pyridoxamine (24-week-old), age-matched wild-type mice (24-week-old), and young wild-type mice (8-week-old) were deeply anesthetized with a cocktail of medetomidine hydrochloride (1.0 mg), midazolam (5.0 mg/mL), and butorphanol (5.0 mg/mL). After anesthesia induction, the mice were euthanized by de-bleeding from the axillary artery, and only the cornea was removed and used in the experiments.
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3

Generation and Maintenance of SATB1 Knockout Mice

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SATB1fl/flVav-Cre+ mice were generated as previously described [16 (link),37 (link)]. Vav-Cre mice [38 (link)] were purchased from Jackson Laboratory (Bar Harbor, ME, USA). RAG2-/- mice were maintained in the laboratory. C57BL/6 mice were obtained from CLEA Japan (Tokyo, Japan). All mice used in this study had a C57BL/6 background and were maintained under specific pathogen-free conditions at the Toho University School of Medicine animal facility. The Toho University Administrative Panel approved all experiments using mice for Animal Care (21-52-435) and recombinant DNA (21-52-440).
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4

Adult C57BL/6 Mice Experiments

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Adult (9-14 weeks old) male C57BL/6 mice (CLEA Japan Inc.) were used for the experiments. This study was approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Nagasaki University (no. 1108120943-8). All animal procedures were performed in accordance with the institutional and national criteria and recommendations.
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5

Genetically Engineered Mouse Models

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Mice with loxP-flanked alleles encoding Rap1b were generated using a standard gene-targeting method for C57BL/6 embryonic stem cells. Rap1a-null/Rap1bfl/fl/CD4-Cre mice, Mst1fl/fl mice, and Mst2-null mice on the C57BL/6 background were generated as previously described (28 (link), 46 (link), 63 (link)). OT-II mice expressing a TCR specific for OVA323–339 bound to I-Ab, αL-null mice, and β2-null mice were obtained from Jackson Laboratories. C57BL/6 mice were purchased from CLEA Japan. OT-II/Rap1bfl/fl/CD4-Cre mice and OT-II/Mst1fl/fl/CD4-Cre/Mst2-null mice were generated by intercrossing. Littermates were used as controls. All mice were maintained under specific-pathogen-free conditions in the animal facility at Kansai Medical University (Osaka, Japan) and were treated and used for experiments in accordance with institutional guidelines and ethical approvals for the care of experimental animals.
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6

Tail Clip Assay in HA Mice

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HA mice with targeted destruction of exon 16 on a 129×C57BL/6 background were kindly gifted by Yoichi Sakata (Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan) and backcrossed with C57BL/6 mice (CLEA Japan, Tokyo, Japan). The in vivo tail clip assay was performed on male and female mice aged 8 to 12 weeks (body weight: 20-25 g). All the animals were maintained under specific pathogen-free conditions. The tail clip assay was performed as previously described.19 (link) C57BL/6 and the HA mice were anesthetized with a mixture of medetomidine, midazolam, and butorphanol and then placed on a hot plate (Tokyo Garasu Kikai, Tokyo, Japan) at 37°C for at least 10 minutes. After prewarming, the HA mice were intravenously infused with the K1813A mutant (1 and 2 μg/kg), K1818A (2 μg/kg), K1813A/K1818A (2 μg/kg), FVIII-WT (2 and 4 μg/kg), or saline (Otsuka Pharmaceutical, Tokyo, Japan). Five minutes after administration, the tail was cut 5 mm from the tip and immediately placed in a conical tube containing 10 mL of saline (prewarmed to 37°C). The volume of blood loss collected over 40 minutes was quantified gravimetrically.19 (link)
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7

Genetically Modified Mouse Models

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Card9–/–, Sykflox/flox, Ips-1–/–and Myd88–/–mice have been previously described18 (link)45 (link)46 (link)47 (link). These mice were backcrossed at least 8 times onto C57BL/6 mice. C57BL/6 mice were purchased from CLEA Japan, Inc. (Tokyo, Japan). The animals were housed in specific pathogen-free conditions. All experiments were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee for Kitasato University Medical Center and animals were treated in accordance with the Regulations for Animal Experiments in Kitasato University. All surgeries were performed under ketamine hydrochloride/xylazine anesthesia, and all efforts were made to minimize suffering.
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8

Transfusion Substitute Evaluation in Mice

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Specific-pathogen free, inbred, 8-week-old, male C57BL/6 mice, weighing between 20 and 22 g, were purchased from CLEA Japan, Inc. (Tokyo, Japan). Male mice were chosen, based on previous publications of pneumonectomy models. [15 (link)] The mice were kept on a 12-h light/dark cycle with free access to food and water. All experiments were conducted in accordance with protocols approved by the Animal Experimentation Committee of Keio University (Permit Number: 09076), and was performed in compliance with its Animal Experimental Guidelines. The animals were randomly assigned to groups administered a) lactated Ringer’s solution (control), b) 5% recombinant human serum albumin (rHSA), c) HbV suspension mixed with rHSA (HbV/rHSA), and d) mouse red blood cells (mRBCs) suspended in rHSA (mRBCs/rHSA) as a transfusion substitute. The hemoglobin concentrations were set at 8.6 g/dl, and the albumin concentrations were set at 5.0 g/dl (5%) in both the HbV/rHSA and mRBC/rHSA groups.[16 (link)]
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9

Electrophysiology Study in C57BL/6 Mice

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Experiments were performed on 17 adult C57BL/6 mice (8–20 weeks; CLEA Japan, Inc., Tokyo, Japan). One additional mouse was used to verify electrode locations only. The mice were kept in a room under a 12-h light/dark cycle and provided food and water ad libitum.
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10

Isolation and Differentiation of Mouse Myoblasts

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Ethical approval for these experiments was obtained from the Animal Care Committee of Shonan Health Innovation Park (AU-00020995). Myoblasts were isolated from newborn C57BL/6 mice (CLEA Japan, Tokyo), as described previously48 (link). Myoblasts were cultured on 10% Matrigel (Corning)-coated dishes in high glucose DMEM with 20% FCS, 10% horse serum, 0.5% chicken embryo extract, 2.5 ng/mL FGF2, 10 μg/mL gentamycin, 1% antibiotic-antimitotic, and 2.5 μg/mL plasmocin prophylaxis (Proliferation Medium: PM). For myotube differentiation, 1 × 105 myoblasts were seeded onto 10% Matrigel-coated 24-well plates and cultured in high glucose DMEM with 5% horse serum and 1% antibiotic-antimitotic (Differentiation Medium: DM) for 3 days. XF-iMSC-cultured medium was obtained by incubating XF-iMSCs in DM medium for 48 h. Human PXDN recombinant protein (Abnova, Taipei, Taiwan) was used at 0.5 μM according to a previous report49 (link). Human IGF2 recombinant protein (R&D) was used at 300 ng/mL. Myotube movement was analyzed using the ImageJ software with the TPIV plugin (https://signaling.riken.jp/tools/imagej-plugins/490/).
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