Disposable plastics

Sigma-Aldrich (Milan, Italy) provided all chemicals, and analytical grade and HPLC grade solvents. Chitosan low molecular weight (Sigma-Aldrich, Milan, Italy; cat no. 448869, mol wt. 50,000–190,000 Da, viscosity 20–300 cP, 1 wt % in 1% acetic acid, 25 °C, Brookfield). Soluplus was a gift of BASF (Ludwigshafen, Germany) with the support of BASF Italia, BTC Chemical Distribution Unit (Cesano Maderno, Monza e Brianza, Italy). Distilled water was obtained from a Simplicity^® UV Water Purification System, Merck Millipore (Darmstadt, Germany). Phosphotungstic acid (PTA) was from Electron Microscopy Sciences (Hatfield, PA, USA). Dialysis kit was from Spectrum Laboratories, Inc. (Breda, The Netherlands). Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM), Ham’s F-12 nutrient mixture, fetal bovine serum (FBS), L-glutamine, penicillin and streptomycin, 1-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-3,5-diphenyl formazan (MTT) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich-Merck (Saint Louis, MO, USA). Disposable plastics were from Sarstedt (Nümbrecht, Germany).

Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM), Ham’s F-12 nutrient mixture, fetal bovine serum (FBS), L-glutamine, penicillin and streptomycin, 1-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-3,5-diphenyl formazan (MTT), α,α-Diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 3-(2-Pyridyl)-5,6-diphenyl-1,2,4-triazine-4′,4′′-disulfonic acid sodium salt (Ferrozine™), Thioflavin T (ThT), Folin–Ciocalteau’s reagent, hen egg white lysozyme (HEWL), gallic acid, ascorbic acid, D-glucose and all other chemicals, analytical grade and HPLC grade solvents were purchased from Sigma Aldrich-Merck (Saint Louis, MO, USA). Disposable plastics were from Sarstedt (Nümbrecht, Germany).

BASF (Badische Anilin- und Soda Fabrik, Ludwigshafen, Germany) with the support of BASF Italia and BTC Chemical Distribution Unit (Cesano Maderno, Monza, and Brianza, Italy) kindly provided Soluplus^® and Solutol^® HS15. Distilled water was obtained from a Simplicity^® UV Water Purification System, Merck Millipore (Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany). Thymoquinone, Phosphate buffered saline BioPerformance Certified pH 7.4 (PBS), Tween^® 80, lecithin (≥99%, TLC) lyophilized powder, cholesterol BioReagent (≥99), Methanol HPLC grade, Acetonitrile HPLC grade, Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) HPLC grade, Formic acid analytical grade, 1,7-octadiene (98%), Dichloromethane (CH2Cl2) were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich (Milan, Italy). Sigma–Aldrich Merck (Milan, Italy) also supplied Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM), Ham’s F-12 nutrient mixture, fetal bovine serum (FBS), L-glutamine, penicillin and streptomycin, 1-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-3,5-diphenyl formazan (MTT) and other chemicals. Disposable plastics were obtained from Sarstedt (Nümbrecht, Germany).