240fs aa

Manufactured by Agilent Technologies

Sourced in United States

The 240FS AA is a flame atomic absorption spectrometer designed for elemental analysis. It provides accurate and reliable measurements of trace elements in a wide range of sample types.

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Lab products found in correlation

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Agilent 240FS-AA (15 citations) AAS-240FS (4 citations) AAS 240FS Spectrometer (3 citations) 240FS AA (flame), (2 citations)

22 protocols using 240fs aa

Wheat Physiological Responses and Grain Quality

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At the flowering stage, cell membrane thermal stability (CMTS), carotenoid content, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, relative water content, and wheat canopy temperature were measured as the physiological responses of wheat to the experimental treatments. CMTS was determined based on a method presented by Agarie et al. (1995) . For each plot, the flag leaves of 10 plants were selected to measure carotenoids content, chlorophyll a, and chlorophyll b with a spectrophotometer (SPEKOL2000) using the Arnon method (1967). Relative water content was measured using a 5 cm 2 surface of the flag. The samples' fresh weight was measured; the samples were floated on distilled water for seven hours in darkness. The turgid weight of samples was determined. Afterward, to specify the dry weight of samples, they were dried at 75 ºC for 48 h. Relative water was measured using the following equation: RWC = [(FW-DW) / (TW-DW)] × 100 Where DW is dry weight, FW is fresh weight, TW and is the turgid weight.
Grain quality Protein (%) and zinc (mg kg -1 ) contents were determined as grain quality indices. Protein content was measured by the NIR grain analyzer (7250, Perten Company, Sweden). Atomic absorption (240FS AA, Agilent Company, USA) was used to measure grains' zinc content. Hectolitre was determined, according to Hill's (1975) method.

Mosavian S.N., Eisvand H.R., Akbari N., Moshatati A., & Ismaili A. (2021). Do nitrogen and zinc application alleviate the adverse effect of heat stress on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)?. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca, 49(2), 12252-12252.

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NMR, IR, and Spectroscopic Analysis of Pyrazolone Derivatives

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¹H and ¹³C{¹H} NMR spectra were recorded on a Bruker 400 MHz NMR
spectrometer with CDCl₃ as the solvent and TMS as the internal
standard. IR spectra were recorded on a Thermo fisher Nicolet 6700
spectrometer. HRMS spectra were obtained using the Agilent 6210 ESI/TOF
mass spectrometer. Determination of copper content was performed using
atomic absorption spectroscopy (Agilent 240FS AA). TLC was performed
using commercially available 100–400 mesh silica gel plates
(GF₂₅₄), and visualization was effected at 254 nm. Column
chromatography was carried out on silica gel (200–300 mesh).
All commercially available reagents were used as received. Pyrazolone 1b–1v were synthesized by literature procedures.^{5b ,7a ,8b}

Wen K., Wu Y., Chen J., Shi J., Zheng M., Yao X, & Tang X. (2022). Copper-Mediated Decarboxylative Coupling of 3-Indoleacetic Acids with Pyrazolones. ACS Omega, 7(6), 5274-5282.

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Adsorption of Metals from Effluent Using Brewer's Spent Grain

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All adsorption experiments were conducted in batch at 200 rpm in a thermostated shaker (Marconi, MA 093, Brazil) . First, the effect of the adsorbent dosage of the BSG adsorbent on the adsorption of metals was investigated. Adsorbent dosage was varied from 0.25 to 10 g L -1 , pH 8 (natural effluent pH), at 298 K for 2 h. The study of the effect of pH was verified from 4 to 8 (NaOH and HCl (0.1 mol L -1 )). The experiments were carried out with the best adsorbent dosage, at 298 K for 2 h. Afterward, kinetic curves were quantified (contact time from 0 to 140 min), using the natural effluent pH, the best adsorbent dosage, and a solution volume of 50 mL, at 298 K. Finally, equilibrium curves were obtained at different temperatures (298, 308, 318, and 328 K) , varying the adsorbent dosage from 0.25 to 10 g L -1 , since the initial concentration of the real effluent is fixed. The experiments were carried out at the natural pH of the effluent with the best BSG dosage for 6 h. After each adsorption test, the concentrations of metals remaining in the liquid phase were analyzed by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy in Agilent Technologies equipment (model 240FS A.A.). The tests were carried out in triplicate. Polishing treatment was evaluated according to supplementary material S2.

Carvalho F.L., Pinto D., Schio R.R., Dos Santos J.P., Ketzer F., Silva L.F.O, & Dotto G.L. (2022). Polishing of painting process effluents through adsorption with biochar from winemaking residues. Environmental science and pollution research international, 29(44).

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Soil Chemical Analysis Protocol

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Soil parameters, such as pH, water content, organic carbon, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, phosphorus available, total potassium, texture, and metals bioavailability (iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) bioavailable) were analyzed according to the Indonesian technical guidelines for soil chemical analysis.17 Afterward, the samples were agitated with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid 0.05 N solvent (pH adjust 7.00) for 1 hour and filtrated prior to atomic absorption spectrophotometry analysis (Agilent 240FS AA, Santa Clara, CA). The soil was n-hexane solvent extracted using the ultrasonic water bath method for TPH analysis.18 (link) Ten (10) g of soil, anhydrous sodium sulfate, and 35 mL n-hexane were placed in a 100 mL bottle (Duran, Germany). Extractions were conducted for 60 minutes, at 50°C in an ultrasonic water bath (Krisbow, Indonesia). The extract was filtrated with glass wool and 25 mL n-hexane was added and made up to 60 mL final volume of supernatant, which was put into a flask and kept in a fume hood for 3–4 days.

Nadhirawaty R, & Titah H.S. (2019). Simultaneous Bioaugmentation and Biostimulation to Remediate Soil Contaminated by Ship Dismantling in Bangkalan District, Indonesia. Journal of Health & Pollution, 9(24), 191212.

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Quantifying Zinc and Iron Loss in IBS Scaffolds

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The IBS scaffolds after extracting with acetonitrile were then ultrasonically cleaned for 30 min to collect the residual zinc in NaOH solution (1 mol/L) with full immersion, which was then adjusted to a certain volume for zinc concentration testing with atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS, 240FS AA, Agilent Technologies, USA). The weight loss of zinc element for each scaffold could be calculated from the original zinc weight and the residual zinc element weight at follow-ups.
After extracting with acetonitrile and cleaning in NaOH solution, the IBS scaffolds were then ultrasonically cleaned in tartaric acid (3–5 wt%), NaOH solution (1 mol/L), deionised water, and absolute ethyl alcohol in sequence to eliminate the iron degradation products. The dried scaffolds were weighed by balance (MSE6.6S, Sartorius, Germany) for calculation of iron weight loss, which has been verified to be an effective method [43 (link)].

Lin W., Zhang H., Zhang W., Qi H., Zhang G., Qian J., Li X., Qin L., Li H., Wang X., Qiu H., Shi X., Zheng W., Zhang D., Gao R, & Ding J. (2020). In vivo degradation and endothelialization of an iron bioresorbable scaffold. Bioactive Materials, 6(4), 1028-1039.

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Selenium and Manganese Determination

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Se(IV) and Se(VI) were determined using hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectroscopy (HG-AFS) (AFS-8220, Beijing Titan Instrument Co., Ltd., Beijing, China) [34 (link)]. The hydrides were prepared using a mixture of 2% KBH₄ (0.5% KOH preparation) and 5% HCl. The reducing agent used 5% ascorbic acid and 5% thiourea mixed with 2 M of HCl. The solution sample was measured in two parts: the selenium concentration was measured directly as the Se(VI) concentration and after acid digestion as the total Se concentration (Se_tot). The Mn content was determined by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (240FSAA, Agilent, Palo Alto, CA, USA). Each test was performed in triplicate, and the average was taken as the result.

Li Z., Yuan Y., Ma L., Zhang Y., Jiang H., He J., Hu Y., Yuan S., Ginder-Vogel M, & Tu S. (2021). Simultaneous Kinetics of Selenite Oxidation and Sorption on δ-MnO2 in Stirred-Flow Reactors. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(6), 2902.

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Determination of Electrolyte Levels

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After digestion, the assay of Na and K levels was performed by atomic absorption spectrophotometer 240FS AA (Agilent Technologies, USA) (Szymczycha-Madeja et al., 2014 , Villagrán et al., 2004 (link)). After flame atomization, K and Na absorbed the resonance lines of 766 nm and 589 nm respectively.
The level of chloride and citrate was determined by DIONEX AQUION (Thermo Fisher Scientific, America) which is equipped with the AS11-HC guard column (4 × 50 mm, 4 μm) and AS11-HC analytical column (4 × 250 mm, 4 μm). 25 μL sample was injected and the suppression current was 50 mA. 20 mM KOH solution was used as the eluent at a flow rate of 1 mL/minute for 13 min (Penniston et al., 2008 (link)).

Shen S., Cheng H., Liu Y., Chen Y., Chen S., Liu D., Ye X, & Chen J. (2021). New electrolyte beverages prepared by the citrus canning processing water through chemical improvement. Food Chemistry: X, 12, 100155.

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Comprehensive Nutrient Analysis Protocol

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Moisture content was determined by drying samples in an oven at 105 °C for 24 h; nitrogen content was determined using the Kjeldahl method (ISO 5983–1, 2005) and converted to crude protein content by multiplication with factor 6.25. Crude fat was analyzed by the Soxtec extractor method with the Soxtec System (Tecator, Hoganas, Sweden). Crude ash content was analyzed by drying samples at 550 °C by using a muffle furnace. Amino acids (FAA) were analyzed by an automatic amino acid analyzer (Hitachi, L-8900, Tokyo, Japan), gross energy was determined by microbomb calorimeter (Philipson, Gentry Instruments Ins, Aiken, SC, USA), calcium content was determined by the method of EDTA complexometric titration, phosphorus content was determined by method of ammonium vanadate-molybdate, chlorine and sodium content were determined using atomic absorption Spectrum (240FS AA, Agilent, CA, USA)

Li X., Dong Y., Sun Q., Tan X., You C., Huang Y, & Zhou M. (2022). Growth and Fatty Acid Composition of Black Soldier Fly Hermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) Larvae Are Influenced by Dietary Fat Sources and Levels. Animals : an Open Access Journal from MDPI, 12(4), 486.

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Trace metal digestion and analysis

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The digestion mixture was prepared in digestion vials and composed of 10.0 μL of blood mixed with nitric acid suprapure (300 μL) and 30% hydrogen peroxide (200 μL). Samples were digested in the Microwave 3000 (Anton Paar GmbH, Austria, with the power of 100 W) for 30 min at 140 °C. Homogenized liver and kidney (500 ± 0.1 mg) were decomposed using nitric acid suprapure (5 mL), 30% hydrogen peroxide (2 mL), and deionized water (3 mL) as digestion mixture in MW Ethos ONE (Milestone, Italy) for 30 min at 210 °C. Zn was determined by the 240FS AA (Agilent Technologies, USA) atomic absorption spectrometer with deuterium background correction. The instrument operated under conditions recommended by manufacturer with air-acethylene flame (flow rate 13.5 L/min and 2.0 L/min) and 213.86 nm resonance line.

Horky P., Skalickova S., Urbankova L., Baholet D., Kociova S., Bytesnikova Z., Kabourkova E., Lackova Z., Cernei N., Gagic M., Milosavljevic V., Smolikova V., Vaclavkova E., Nevrkla P., Knot P., Krystofova O., Hynek D., Kopel P., Skladanka J., Adam V, & Smerkova K. (2019). Zinc phosphate-based nanoparticles as a novel antibacterial agent: in vivo study on rats after dietary exposure. Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology, 10, 17.

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Comprehensive Soil Physical and Chemical Analysis

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pH, electrical conductivity, organic carbon, soil texture, moisture content, and available nutrients (N, P, K, and Fe(III)) were determined. Soil pH was measured in a 1:2.5 aqueous soil extract using a pH meter model (AD8000), whereas electrical conductivity was determined in a 1:5 aqueous soil extract using a conductivity meter (model AD8000). Soil texture was measured by the pipette method according to Olmstead et al. [14 ]. According to a standard protocol, to determine the available nitrogen content in the soil sample, 5 g of soil was shaken with 50 mL of KCl (2 M) for 30 min, with the moisture content of the soil being determined by Su et al. [15 (link)]. The solution was filtered, and the sum of NH₄⁺ and NO₃⁻ was measured following the method of Allen et al. [16 ]. Other available nutrients, including P and K, were determined according to the practices described by Soltanpour and Schwab [17 (link)]. Organic carbon was determined based on the method described in [18 (link)]. The total Fe(III) concentration was measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (Agilent 240 FS AA).

Tagyan A.I., Yasser M.M., Mousa A.M., Alkhalifah D.H., Hozzein W.N, & Marzouk M.A. (2023). A Feasibility Study on the Recall of Metallophilic Fungi from Fe(III)-Contaminated Soil and Evaluating Their Mycoremediation Capacity: Experimental and Theoretical Study. Journal of Fungi, 9(3), 382.

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