Diisobutylaluminium hydride

Polyethersulfone (PES) in pellet form (Solvay Specialty Polymers), N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone (purity >99.5%, RCl-Labscan) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K30, Sigma-Aldrich) as additive were used for fabrication of membrane substrate. 1,3-phenylenediamine (MPD) and trimesoyl chloride (TMC) purchased from Sigma Aldrich were used to form a PA layer on top of the PES substrate. To synthesize zwitterion properties polymer, 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA, 95%), 2-bromoisobutyrate bromide, diisobutylaluminium hydride (1.0 M in toluene), ethyl 2-bromoisobutyrate (EBiB, 98%), 1,3-propanesultone (99%), dipyridyl (Bpy, AR), 2-bromoisobutyryl bromide (98%), copper(I) bromide (CuBr, 99%) and 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (HMImCl) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich. Diethyl ether was purchased from RCl-Labscan. Sodium chloride (NaCl, Merck) was used as test solute for membrane flux and rejection determination. The feed solution containing the respective test solute was prepared by dissolving the solute in deionized (DI) water.

γ-Nonalactone (> 97%), isopropyl bromide, oxalyl chloride (> 98%), diisobutylaluminium hydride (1.0 M in toluene), deuterium chloride (35% in ²H₂O), sodium borohydride (98%), heptaldehyde (95%), selenium dioxide, deuterium gas, and hydrobromic acid (48%, aq.) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (MO, USA). Benzoic acid (AR), triphenylphosphine (97%), and Pd on activated carbon (10%) were purchased from AK Scientific (CA, USA). ¹³C₂-bromoacetic acid, deuterium oxide, and deuterochloroform were purchased from Cambridge Isotope Laboratories (MA, USA). Magnesium sulfate, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, tartaric acid, and all organic solvents were purchased from ECP Ltd (Auckland, New Zealand). A Sartorius (Göttingen, Germany) Arium Pro Ultrapure Water System was used for Type 1 water production. Chemicals were used as purchased, unless otherwise specified.