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4 protocols using nfatc2

1

Immunofluorescence and Immunohistochemistry of Tumor Samples

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Immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry were performed on formalin fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor sections as described previously (28 (link)). The following antibodies were used for immunofluorescence: HA (1:1000) and STAT3 (1:200) (all Cell signaling, Danvers, USA) and for immunohistochemistry: NFATc2 (1:200, Abcam, Cambridge, UK), p-NFATc2 (S213/217/221) (1:50, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, USA), STAT3 (1:100, Cell Signaling), p-STAT3 (Y705) (1:50, Cell signaling), p-GS (S641/645) (1:25, Cell Signaling), Ki67 (1:600, Neomarker, Fremont, USA) and GSK-3β (1:200, Epitomics, Hamburg, Germany), CD45 (BD Pharmingen, 1:100). Immunoblotting was performed using standard methods on uncultured, macrodissected tumor protein lysates or lysates from cultured cell lines. Membranes were probed with NFATc2 (Abcam), p-NFATc2 (S213/217/221) (Abcam), Flag (Sigma-Aldrich), HA, STAT3, GSK-3β, CDK 6, p-STAT3 (Y705), p-GS (S641/645), GS (all Cell Signaling), V5 (Invitrogen) and β-actin (Sigma-Aldrich) antibodies. Densitometric analysis was carried out with ImageQuant 5.1.
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2

Immunohistochemical Analysis of NFATC2 and pSTAT3

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All staining carried out on human specimens was approved by the Mayo Clinic Institutional Review Board (Rochester, MN). Written confirmation was obtained from each patient. TMAs containing samples from PDAC patients were stained as indicated and analyzed for NFATc2 and pSTAT3 expression in the Pathology Research Core. TMA slides were placed in the BOND III (Leica Biosystems) stainer for online processing. They were treated with Epitope Retrieval 2 solution for 20 min and stained with NFATc2 (Abcam) or pSTAT3 (Cell Signaling) for 15 min, and detection was achieved using the Polymer Refine Detection kit per manufactures instructions (Leica Biosystems). Counter staining was performed for 5 min with hematoxylin. Slides were dehydrated through increasing concentrations of alcohol, cleared in xylene, and cover‐slipped in xylene‐based mounting media.
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3

ChIP Assay for Analyzing NFATc2 Binding

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ChIP assay was done with the ChIP Assay kit (Millipore) following the vendor’s instruction. In brief, cells were cross-linked with 1% formaldehyde at 37 °C for 10 min, followed by incubation with 150 mM glycine for 5 min at room temperature to stop cross-linking. The cells were then harvested in SDS lysis buffer containing protease inhibitors. After the lysates were sonicated to shear the DNA into fragments of 200–1000 bps, immunoprecipitation with NFATc2 (Abcam) or nonspecific IgG was carried out overnight at 4 °C. Protein G Sepharose (GE Healthcare, Little Chalfont, Buckinghamshire, UK) was added to the suspension to collect the antibody/NFATc2/DNA complex, followed by rinsing with each of Low Salt Immune Complex Wash Buffer, High Salt Immune Complex Wash Buffer, LiCl Immune Complex Wash Buffer, and TE Buffer. The precipitated products were then eluted with elution buffer containing 1% SDS, 0.1 mol/L NaHCO3, reversed the NFATc2/DNA cross-link with 5 mol/L NaCl at 65°C for 4 h. The DNA was finally eluted, and purified by PCR Purification Kit from Qiagen. PCR was performed with primers listed in Supplementary Table 8.
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4

ChIP-qPCR Analysis of Transcription Factors

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Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays using IgG (Upstate, Boston, USA) or antibodies specific to NFATc2, H3K4me3 (all Abcam, Cambridge, UK), RNA Polymerase II (Millipore, Billerica, USA) or STAT3 (Cell Signaling, Danvers, USA) were performed as previously described (27 (link)). Bound regions were detected by q-PCR using the following primer: CDK 6 promoter: 5´-tcccgttccactgcgtcc-3´, 5´-caagccgcttaatccttcctggtt-3´ (Biomers).
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