Ml301

Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and mean artery pressure (MAP) were measured in conscious offspring. Pentobarbital sodium (50 mg/kg) was used for anesthesia. Polyethylene catheters (5 cm PE10 combined with 25 cm PE 50, SCI, United States) filled with sterile saline containing heparin (50 U/ml) and penicillin G (2000 U/ml) were inserted into the femoral artery and vein, and its tip was placed in the abdominal aorta. The catheters were tunneled subcutaneously into the back of the neck and sealed with a plastic cap (Abdala et al., 2012 (link); Moreira et al., 2018 (link)). All animals received a subcutaneously injection of penicillin G (30,000 U/100 g) and meloxicam (1 mg/kg). Catheters were flushed the following day with the same solution containing heparin and penicillin. 2 days after surgery, SBP, DBP and MAP were recorded by Power lab 15T, data-acquisition software, using transducer. On the day of the experiments, the catheter was connected to a pressure transducer (MLT1199; AD Instruments) coupled to a preamplifier (Bridge Amp, ML301; AD Instruments) that was connected to a Powerlab computer data acquisition system. Arterial pressure measurements were taken between 09:00 and 12:00 h by an experimenter that was blind to the animal condition. Data was acquired in conscious animals for 60 min during quiet resting periods (n = 12).

Following the same surgical procedure as was performed on the model group, two incisions were made in the scapula and the abdomen, and they were connected by inserting a sterile catheter. The stomach was exposed and a custom strain gauge transducer (120 Ω, GuangCe Co., Ltd) was sticked on the surface of the gastric wall on the gastric antrum (Kawachi et al., 2011 (link); Gao et al., 2021 (link); Supplementary Figure 2). Another skin incision is made along the dorsal midline. The lead from the transducer is passed through the abdominal wall and extended posteriorly under the skin. Strain gauge signals were amplified by a bridge (ML-301, AD Instruments) and digitizer (Powerlab 26/04, AD Instruments) to provide automatic collection of gastric motility data. Each mouse was recorded for at least 20 min and the average amplitude and frequency were automatically calculated using Labchart 8 software (AD Instruments) with low-pass filtering and high-pass filtering. After surgery, mice were housed individually access to liquid diet.