Inosine

rADA1 (93985) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, and rADA2 (7518-AD) was from R&D Systems. ADA2 antibody (HPA007888) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, and β-actin antibody (MAB8929) was from R&D. Toll-like receptor 3 antibody (sc-32232) was from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, cGAS antibody (AP10510c) was from Abgent, and DDX58/RIG-I (ab45428), MAVS (ab31334), and IFI16 (ab55328) antibodies were from Abcam. IFIH1/MDA5 antibody (21775-1-AP) was purchased from Proteintech, and phospho-IRF3 (Ser³⁹⁶) (4947S), phospho-TBK1 (Ser¹⁷²) (5483S), TBK1 (3013S), and IRF3 (4302S) antibodies were from Cell Signaling Technologies. Human IFN-β–neutralizing antibody (31401-1) was purchased from PBL IFN source, and 2′-deoxyadenosine, adenosine, DPM, EHNA, 5-azacytidine, and 9-deazaguanine were from Sigma. Pentostatin was purchased from Cayman Chemicals, cycloleucine was from MP Biomedicals, and 2′-deoxyinosine, inosine, and hypoxanthine were from Alfa Aeser. ELISA kit for ADA2 quantification in cell culture supernatants was purchased from Cloud Clone Corp. poly (dA:dT) DNA was purchased from Invivogen. poly (dA:dT) DNA (P0883) was purchased from Sigma.

N⁶-methyladenine, N⁶-methyladenosine, and N⁶-methyl-2′-deoxyadenosine were obtained from Ark Pharm (USA). Hypoxanthine, inosine, and other organic compounds were acquired from Alfa-Aesar (China). Heavy-oxygen water (H₂O¹⁸) was purchased from Aladdin (China). All inorganic salts were obtained from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent (China). All antibiotics were sourced from Sangon Biotech (China). The DNA primers were synthesized from Gene Create in ultra-page grade (Wuhan, China). Ni-NTA resin was purchased from GenScript (China). Sorbitol and mannitol were obtained from VWR International, LLC. (USA). DNA and protein concentrations were quantified by NanoDrop 2000 ONE^c (Thermofisher Scientific, USA). The ICP-AES analysis was performed by IRIS Intrepid II XSP (ThermoFisher Scientific, USA) through standard procedure.