For analyzing cytokine production by CD4
+ T cells, tumor samples were digested and gently dissociated into single-cell suspension. Red blood cells were removed by ACK lysing buffer. After washing with PBS, cells were seeded in 12 well plate and stimulated with PMA and ionomycin for 4 hours. Following stimulation, cells were harvested and stained for surface markers followed by intracellular cytokine staining (ICS). To measure tumor cell viability after culture, cells at ~70% confluence were treated overnight under the specified conditions. Cells were harvested for Annexin V staining following manufacturer’s instruction. Following washing with PBS, cells were resuspended in 400ul 1x binding buffer and labeled with DAPI (0.5ug/ml). DAPI
+ cells were counted as dead cells, Annexin V
+DAPI
− cells were considered apoptotic cells. The levels of reduced GSH in tumor cells were performed using the
Intracellular GSH Assay Kit (Abcam) following the manufacturer’s instruction. DAPI was added to each sample before FACS analysis. Data were acquired using a LSRII and analyzed with FlowJo software (Treestar).
Habtetsion T., Ding Z.C., Pi W., Li T., Lu C., Chen T., Xi C., Spartz H., Liu K., Hao Z., Mivechi N., Huo Y., Blazar B.R., Munn D.H, & Zhou G. (2018). Alteration of Tumor Metabolism by CD4+ T Cells Leads to TNF-α-Dependent Intensification of Oxidative Stress and Tumor Cell Death. Cell metabolism, 28(2), 228-242.e6.