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2 protocols using hydroxybenzotriazole hobt

1

Rhodamine Fluorescent Probe Synthesis

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Materials were used as received: 2-(4-diethylamino-2-hydroxybenzoyl)benzoic
acid (98%, TCI America), resorcinol (1,3-benzene diol, 99%, Sigma-Aldrich),
trifluoroacetic acid (TFA, 99%, Sigma-Aldrich), ethanolamine (98%,
Sigma-Aldrich), anhydrous ethanol (99.5%, Sigma-Aldrich), 5-norbornene-2-carboxylic
acid (NBCOOH, mixture of endo- and exo-isomers, 98%, Sigma-Aldrich), N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N′-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC, 98%, Proteochem),
hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBt, 97%, Sigma-Aldrich), 11-bromoundecanoic
acid (99%, Sigma-Aldrich), potassium carbonate (K2CO3, 99%, Sigma-Aldrich), anhydrous dimethylformamide (DMF, 99%,
Acros Organics), dry methylene chloride (CH2Cl2, DCM, 99.8%, Acros Organics), anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (THF, 99.8%,
Acros Organics), triethylamine (99.5%, Sigma-Aldrich), pyridine (99.8%,
Acros Organics), second-generation Grubbs catalyst ((H2IMes)(pyr)2(Cl)2RuCHPh (mG2), 98%, AK Scientific),
and ethyl vinyl ether (EVE, 99%, Acros Organics). Rhodamine HO-Rh-OH
was synthesized using a literature protocol.8 (link)
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2

Synthesis and Characterization of Pyrene-Derived Compounds

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Chemicals for synthesis: 4-(1-pyrenyl)butyric acid (Alfa Aesar, 97%), triethylamine (Et3N) (Sigma Aldrich, 99%), hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBt) (Sigma Aldrich, 97%), 2-(1H-benzotriazole-1-yl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate (HBTU) (Alfa Aesar, 98%), Silica gel 60, PF254 for preparative thin layer chromatography (Merck).
Nucleotides (AMP, GMP, UMP and CMP) were purchased from Sigma, dissolved in stock solutions of c = 0.01 M and used. Polynucleotides were purchased as noted: poly dAdT–poly dAdT, poly A–poly U, poly dGdC–poly dGdC, (Sigma), calf thymus (ct)-DNA (Aldrich) and dissolved in sodium cacodylate buffer (I = 0.05 M, pH = 7.0), as described by producer. The presence of double stranded helix was confirmed by single, well-defined transition in the thermal denaturation experiment, giving Tm value agreeing well with the literature; as well as by collecting CD spectra of free ds-DNA or ds-RNA, which also agreed well with the literature.48,49 (link) The ct-DNA was additionally sonicated and filtered through a 0.45 mm filter to obtain mostly short (ca. 100 base pairs) rod-like B-helical DNA fragments. Polynucleotide concentration was determined spectroscopically as the concentration of phosphates (corresponds to c(nucleobase)).52
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