Dil-ace-LDL uptake and tube formation were evaluated as described previously (Zhang et al., 2014 (link); Su et al., 2018 ). For DiI-ace-LDL uptake assay, hiPSC-ECs were incubated with DAPI overnight (1:1,000 dilution) and then in EGM supplemented with 10 μg/mL of DiI-ace-LDL (Life Technologies, United States) at 37 °C for 12 h. For tube-formation assay, cells were seeded in 48-well plate that had been coated with Matrigel (Corning, United States) and incubated at 37°C for 24 h. Numbers of node, junction, and branches and total branches length per magnification (10×) were quantified using angiogenesis analyzer of Image J.
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