Signal 4

Manufactured by Cambridge Electronic Design

Sourced in United Kingdom

Signal 4.04 is a software package for data analysis and signal processing. It provides a range of tools for visualizing, filtering, and analyzing time-series data. The software is designed to handle various data formats and supports a variety of signal processing algorithms.

Automatically generated - may contain errors

Lab products found in correlation

Micro 1401, by Cambridge Electronic Design (4 mentions) Telemyo 2400r, by Noraxon (2 mentions) D ap5, by Bio-Techne (2 mentions)

6 protocols using signal 4

Isometric Leg Extensor Strength and EMG

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

Maximal bilateral leg extensor strength was measured on the custom-built horizontal leg press (Biology of Physical Activity, University of Jyväskylä) at a knee angle of 107°. Muscle activity was recorded during the isometric strength testing from the agonist muscles, VL and vastus medialis (VM), of the right leg. Skin was prepared by shaving, scraping, and disinfecting. Thereafter, the electrodes were placed according to SENIAM guidelines ( 20 ). On the first time, the positions of the electrodes were marked on the skin by ink dots to ensure always the same location of electrodes in each measurement during the study ( 24 ). Electrodes were bipolar Ag/AgCl electrodes with 5-mm diameter and 20-mm interelectrode distance.
During the measurements, the raw signals were amplified (500 gain) at a bandwidth of 10-500 Hz, the sampling frequency was 3,000 Hz. Thereafter, the signals went through the transportable pack to the receiving box (Telemyo 2400R; Noraxon, Scottsdale, AZ) and then to an AD converter (Micro1401; Cambridge Electronic Design, United Kingdom) and recorded by Signal 4.04 software (Cambridge Electronic Design). Electromyography (EMG) signals were analyzed by a customized script. Maximum iEMG values were obtained at the contraction period of 500-1,500 milliseconds (ms). The highest values of the VL and VM were combined and expressed as a mean value.

Räntilä A., Ahtiainen J.P., Avela J., Restuccia J., Kidgell D, & Häkkinen K. (2021). High Responders to Hypertrophic Strength Training Also Tend to Lose More Muscle Mass and Strength During Detraining Than Low Responders. Journal of strength and conditioning research, 35(6).

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

Concentric Bilateral Leg Press Protocol

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

Concentric bilateral leg press one-repetition maximum (1-RM) and maximum concentric peak power was measured ~7 d before and after the 12-week training period. Briefly, following warm-up, single repetitions with increments of 5 kg were performed until the participants could no longer fully extend their hips and legs (full extension = 180°). Each trial was separated by 1.5 min. Thereafter, half of the identified 1-RM load (50% 1-RM) was removed and participants performed three leg press trials separated by 1 min of rest. Here, the participants were instructed to extend the hips and knees “as fast as possible” and peak power was calculated over a period of 50 ms using customized scripts and the following equation;
All data was relayed to a pc via an AD converter (Micro 1401, Cambridge Electronic Design, UK) and recorded using Signal 4.04 software (Cambridge Electronic Design, UK). Data was sampled at 2,000 Hz and filtered by a 10-Hz low-pass filter (fourth-order Butterworth) and the best trials were used in further analyses.

Walker S., Haff G.G., Häkkinen K, & Newton R.U. (2017). Moderate-Load Muscular Endurance Strength Training Did Not Improve Peak Power or Functional Capacity in Older Men and Women. Frontiers in Physiology, 8, 743.

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

Concentric Bilateral Leg Press 1-RM Assessment

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

Concentric bilateral leg press one-repetition maximum (1-RM) load (kg) was used to assess maximum dynamic strength (David Sports Ltd, Helsinki, Finland). Briefly, following warm-up, single repetitions with increments of 5kg were performed until the participants could no longer fully extend their hips and legs (full extension = 180°). Each trial was separated by 1.5 min. All data were relayed to a pc via an AD converter (Micro 1401, Cambridge Electronic Design, UK) and recorded using Signal 4.04 software (Cambridge Electronic Design, UK).
Data was sampled at 2000Hz and filtered by a 10-Hz low-pass filter (fourth-order Butterworth) and the best trial was used in further analyses.

Turpela M., Häkkinen K., Haff G.G, & Walker S. (2017). Effects of different strength training frequencies on maximum strength, body composition and functional capacity in healthy older individuals. Experimental gerontology, 98.

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

Electromyographic Analysis of Leg Muscle Activity

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

Bipolar Ag/AgCl electrodes (5 mm diameter, 20 mm inter-electrode distance, common mode rejection ratio >100 dB, input impedance >100 MΩ, baseline noise <1 μV rms) were positioned following shaving and skin abrasion on the vastus lateralis (VL) and medialis (VM) of the right leg according to SENIAM guidelines. Raw EMG signals were sampled at 2,000 Hz and amplified at a gain of 500 (sampling bandwidth 10–500 Hz). Raw signals were sent from a hip-mounted pack to a receiving box (Telemyo 2400R, Noraxon, Scottsdale, USA), then were relayed to an AD converter (Micro1401, Cambridge Electronic Design, UK) and recorded by Signal 4.04 software (Cambridge Electronic Design, UK). Offline, EMG signals were band-pass filtered at 20–350 Hz and root mean square was obtained from approx. 65° to full leg extension (i.e., 180°) during dynamic leg press (1-RM and maximum power) actions. Values are taken from the best trials in each performance measure.

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

Whole-cell Recording of Cortical Neuron Activity

Cited 1 time

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

Whole-cell recordings were made from cortical neurons (14 DIV), which were treated with DMSO or diazepam for 72 h, as described before above. Patch pipettes (resistance 8–10 MΩ) were pulled from borosilicate glass tubing and filled with an internal solution containing (mM): 144 K-gluconate, 3 MgCl₂, 0.2 EGTA, 2 Na₂-ATP, 0.2 Na₂-GTP, 10 HEPES pH 7.2–7.4, 300 mOsm. Spontaneous activity of the neurons was recorded in current clamp mode (SEC 05 L/H, NPI electronics, Tamm, Germany), in the presence of TTX (1 μM), D-AP5 (50 μM) and CNQX (20 μM, all from Tocris). Synaptic potentials recorded were amplified, low-pass filtered at 2 kHz, and digitised at 5 kHz using a CED 1401 interface and data acquisition programme, Signal 4.04 (Cambridge Electronic Design, Cambridge, UK), and analysed offline using Signal. Single sweep amplitudes were measured from the baseline to the peak of the IPSP, and selected for analysis if greater than 0.05 mV [19 (link)]. Statistical analysis was conducted using the Student’s t test and data plotted using OriginPro 9.1.

Nicholson M.W., Sweeney A., Pekle E., Alam S., Ali A.B., Duchen M, & Jovanovic J.N. (2018). Diazepam-induced loss of inhibitory synapses mediated by PLCδ/ Ca2+/calcineurin signalling downstream of GABAA receptors. Molecular Psychiatry, 23(9), 1851-1867.

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

Measuring Spontaneous Neuronal Activity

Cited 1 time

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

Whole-cell recordings were made from cortical neurons (14 DIV), which were treated with DMSO or diazepam for 72 h as described before above. Patch pipettes (resistance 8-10 MΩ) were pulled from borosilicate glass tubing and filled with an internal solution containing (mM): 144 K-gluconate, 3 MgCl₂, 0.2 EGTA, 2 Na₂-ATP, 0.2 Na₂-GTP, 10 HEPES pH 7.2-7.4, 300 mOsm. Spontaneous activity of the neurons was recorded in current clamp mode (SEC 05L/H, NPI electronics, Tamm, Germany), in the presence of TTX (1 μM), D-AP5 (50 μM) and CNQX (20 μM, all from Tocris). Synaptic potentials recorded were amplified, low-pass filtered at 2 kHz, and digitized at 5 kHz using a CED 1401 interface and data acquisition programme, Signal 4.04 (Cambridge Electronic Design, Cambridge, UK), and analysed offline using Signal. Single sweep amplitudes were measured from the baseline to the peak of the IPSP, and selected for analysis if greater than 0.05 mV 19 (link). Statistical analysis was conducted using the Student’s t test and data plotted using OriginPro 9.1.

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

About PubCompare

Our mission is to provide scientists with the largest repository of trustworthy protocols and intelligent analytical tools, thereby offering them extensive information to design robust protocols aimed at minimizing the risk of failures.

We believe that the most crucial aspect is to grant scientists access to a wide range of reliable sources and new useful tools that surpass human capabilities.

However, we trust in allowing scientists to determine how to construct their own protocols based on this information, as they are the experts in their field.

Ready to get started?

Revolutionizing how scientists
search and build protocols!