Milli q system 18.2 mω

UPLC-grade acetonitrile, methanol, and formic acid were purchased from Fisher Scientific Co. (Fair Lawn, MA, USA). All of the aqueous solutions used in the current study were prepared using ultrapure water produced by a Milli-Q system (18.2 MΩ, Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA).
R. palmatum was collected from Gansu Minxian (Gansu, China) on the November 20, 2012. The botanical materials were identified by Professor Lin Yulin, and voucher specimens were deposited at the Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China. The detail of the samples’ vouchers lists as sdh1-3 of Raw DH (R), dht1-3 of Charred DH (C), shudh1-3 of Prepared DH (P), jdh1-3 of Wine DH (W), cdh1-3 of Vinegar DH (V).

Azoxymethane was purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). HPLC-grade acetonitrile was purchased from Honeywell Burdick and Jackson (Morristown, NJ, USA) and HPLC-grade methanol was purchased from Fisher Scientific (Atlanta, GA, USA). HPLC-grade formic acid was purchased from CNW Technologies GmbH (Dusseldorf, Germany). Physiological saline (0.9%) was purchased from Shijiazhuang No. 4 Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (Shijiazhuang, China). All aqueous solutions were prepared with ultrapure water produced with a Milli-Q system (18.2 MΩ, Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA).