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49 protocols using cx3cr1 gfp

1

Genetically Engineered Mouse Models

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C57BL/6J mice (CD45.2) were purchased from Envigo and housed in individually ventilated cages under SPF conditions. Ccr2−/− animals (originally from The Jackson Laboratory; Boring et al., 1997 (link)), Cx3cr1+/GFP (available from The Jackson Laboratory and provided by S. Jung; Jung et al., 2000 (link)), and congenic CD45.1 mice (serially backcrossed from SJL/J onto C57BL/6) were all bred in-house and shared by K. Else, K. Couper, and A. MacDonald (University of Manchester, Manchester, England, UK), respectively, and were backcrossed to a C57BL/6 background for at least 10 generations. Cx3cr1CreER mice (from The Jackson Laboratory; Yona et al., 2013 (link)) were bred in-house crossed with R26-yfp mice (from The Jackson Laboratory; Srinivas et al., 2001 (link)) and were backcrossed with C57BL/6J for at least six generations. For GF experiments, all mice including SPF controls were bred in-house and were on a C57BL/6 background. GF C57BL/6 mice (founders from the Clean Mouse Facility, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland) were bred and maintained in The University of Manchester gnotobiotic facility. SPF controls were also housed and maintained on the same diet and light cycle as GF animals. All experiments were approved by The University of Manchester Local Ethical Review Committee and were performed in accordance with the UK Home Office Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986.
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2

Longitudinal Two-Photon Imaging of CX3CR1-GFP Mice

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C57BL/6 (Jax stock no. 000664) and CX3CR1-GFP (Jax stock no. 005582) mice were obtained from Jackson Laboratories (Bar Harbor, ME). Heterozygous male and female CX3CR1-GFP mice (3 months of age) were used for the longitudinal two-photon laser-scanning microscope (2PLSM) experiment. Male and female C57BL/6 mice (3 months of age) were used for the cytokine/chemokine profiling and flow cytometry experiment. Male C57BL/6 mice, at 3 and 9 months of age, were used for the remainder of the experiments as indicated. All animal procedures were carried out under protocols approved by the Duke University Medical Center and University of Rochester Medical Center, Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee, under the National Research Council Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, 8th edition. Both Duke University and University of Rochester Medical Center are AAALAC-accredited institutions.
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3

Generating Transgenic Mouse Lines

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The following mice were obtained from Jackson labs: lysM-Cre (#004781), Cx3cr1GFP (#005582). Col1α1GFP mice were kindly donated by Dr. David Brenner and have been previously described (Yata et al., 2003 (link)). Rosa26-tdTomato reporter mice were kindly donated by Dr. Fan Wang and have been previously described (Arenkiel et al., 2011 (link)). All mice were backcrossed to C57BL/6 for at least 6 generations. lysM-Cre mice were bred to Rosa26-tdTomato reporter mice to generate lysMtdTom in which lysM-Cre is hemizygous and tdTomato is homozygous. Cx3cr1GFP knock-in mice were used as heterozygotes.
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4

Mouse Genetic Models for Cell Lineage

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CD-1 (Charles River), C57BL/6J (B6; Jackson Laboratories), and Mafb-GFP+/− (Moriguchi et al., 2006 (link)) mice (maintained on a B6 background), were used for wild-type expression studies. Cx3cr1-Cre mice (MW126-Cre; 129/B6 mixed background) were generated by the GENSAT project (Gong et al., 2003 (link)). Cx3cr1-GFP (Jung et al., 2000 (link)) (B6 or B6/CD-1 mixed background; this line is a knock-in loss-of-function mutation utilized as a heterozygous reporter unless specifically analyzed for homozygous mutation), Rosa-iDTR (Buch et al., 2005 (link)) (B6 background), and Rosa-tdTomato (Madisen et al., 2010 (link)) (B6 background) mice were obtained from Jackson Laboratories. Farnesylated-GFP reporter mice (Rosa26R–CAG-fGFP) (Rawlins et al., 2009 (link)) are maintained on a B6 background. All mice used were approximately 3 months old, and were sacrificed via cervical dislocation or isoflurane administration followed by bilateral thoracotomy. Mice were housed in accordance with NIH guidelines, and experimental protocols were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Duke University Medical Center or Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center.
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5

Detailed Mouse Procedures for Research

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All animal procedures were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (covered by Animal welfare assurance No A3011-0), Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, and conducted in accordance with the guidelines of the National Institutes of Health “Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals”. Experiments were performed using adult (2–3 months old) male mice [C57BL/6J (wt), CSPG4-EGFP (Jackson Labs, 022735 model FVB.Cg-Tg(CSPG4-EGFP*) HDbe/J), CX3CR1-GFP (Jackson Labs, 005582 model B6.129P-Cx3cr1tm1Litt/J), PDGFRα-CreERT2 (Tg(Pdgfra-cre/ERT2)1Wdr; from58 (link)), Rosa26-ΕYFP (Jackson Labs, 006148 model B6.129X1-Gt(ROSA)26Sortm1(EYFP) Cos/J)] were used wherever mentioned. All the mouse lines were backcrossed to a C57BL/6J background, bred in-house, and genotyped by PCR. CD-1 retired-breeder male mice (Charles River Laboratories, CD-1 IGS mice, strain code:022) were used as aggressors. For induction of recombination in the PDGFRα-CreERT2 :: Rosa26-EYFP mice, tamoxifen (Sigma CAS # 10540-29-1) dissolved in ethanol : sunflower seed oil was injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) starting at P30, at a daily dose of 75 μg/g body weight (from a 10 mg/ml stock), for 5 consecutive days, as in25 (link). All animals were housed in 12-h light/dark cycle. Food and water were provided ad libitum by the experimenters.
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6

Detailed Mouse Procedures for Research

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All animal procedures were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (covered by Animal welfare assurance No A3011-0), Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, and conducted in accordance with the guidelines of the National Institutes of Health “Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals”. Experiments were performed using adult (2–3 months old) male mice [C57BL/6J (wt), CSPG4-EGFP (Jackson Labs, 022735 model FVB.Cg-Tg(CSPG4-EGFP*) HDbe/J), CX3CR1-GFP (Jackson Labs, 005582 model B6.129P-Cx3cr1tm1Litt/J), PDGFRα-CreERT2 (Tg(Pdgfra-cre/ERT2)1Wdr; from58 (link)), Rosa26-ΕYFP (Jackson Labs, 006148 model B6.129X1-Gt(ROSA)26Sortm1(EYFP) Cos/J)] were used wherever mentioned. All the mouse lines were backcrossed to a C57BL/6J background, bred in-house, and genotyped by PCR. CD-1 retired-breeder male mice (Charles River Laboratories, CD-1 IGS mice, strain code:022) were used as aggressors. For induction of recombination in the PDGFRα-CreERT2 :: Rosa26-EYFP mice, tamoxifen (Sigma CAS # 10540-29-1) dissolved in ethanol : sunflower seed oil was injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) starting at P30, at a daily dose of 75 μg/g body weight (from a 10 mg/ml stock), for 5 consecutive days, as in25 (link). All animals were housed in 12-h light/dark cycle. Food and water were provided ad libitum by the experimenters.
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7

Mouse Models for Atherosclerosis Research

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C57BL/6 (B6), ApoE −/− and CX3CR1GFP (Jung et al., 2000 (link)) mice were purchased from the Jackson Laboratory (Bar Harbor, ME). ApoE −/− mice were confirmed to be on the B6 background, with 99% identity verified by congenic analysis (accounting for the ApoE mutation on chromosome 7; data not shown). Mice were housed in specific pathogenfree conditions and all animal experiments were performed in strict compliance with Animal Studies Committee regulations of Washington University in St. Louis.
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8

Astrocyte Culture from C57BL/6J Mice

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All animal procedures were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC; covered by Animal welfare assurance No A3011-0), SUNY Stony Brook, School of Medicine and conducted in accordance with National Institutes of Health “Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals” guidelines. Experiments were performed using adult (1–3 days) male mice [C57BL/6 J (wt) and CX3CR1-GFP (Jackson Labs, 005582 model B6.129P-Cx3cr1tm1Litt/J)9]. The mouse lines were backcrossed onto a C57BL/6 J background, bred in-house, and genotyped by PCR. The brains from these mouse strains were used for preparation of primary astrocyte cultures.
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9

Genetically Modified Mice for Immunology

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Wild-type (WT) C57BL/6 mice were purchased from the National Cancer Institute (Frederick, MD, USA). Homozygous CCL2 deficient (CCL2−/−) mice were originally obtained from B. J. Rollins (Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA). CX3CR1GFP/GFP (B6.129P-Cx3cr1tm1Litt/J) and CCR2RFP/RFP (B6.129(Cg)-Ccr2tm2.1Ifc/J) mice were purchased from the Jackson Laboratory (Bar Harbor, ME, USA) and crossed to generate CX3CR1GFP/+CCR2RFP/+ mice. Transgenic mice were bred and maintained at the Biological Research Institute under sterile conditions. All procedures were preformed in compliance with the Cleveland Clinic Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee approved protocols.
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10

Visualizing Microglia in Cx3cr1-GFP Mice

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All procedures were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees of Kyung Hee University (KHUASP(SE)-14-016) and Seoul National University (SNU-140408-16). Cx3cr1GFP/+ knock-in mice were obtained from the Jackson Laboratory (Bar Harbor, USA), and TLR2 KO mice were obtained from Dr. Akira (Osaka University, Osaka, Japan).
Adult (2~4 months old) Cx3cr1GFP/+ knock-in mice and Cx3cr1GFP/+ knock-in/TLR2-KO mice were used to visualize microglia. Mice were deeply anesthetized with an intraperitoneal injection of urethane (1.64 g/kg). The animal skull was exposed above the somatosensory cortex (1 mm posterior to bregma and 2 mm lateral) and cleaned. A small circular craniotomy (~2 mm in diameter) was then carefully performed using a high-speed drill, which was covered with a thin glass cover slip [13 (link)14 (link)]. For thinned-skull cranial window, the skull was thinned with high-speed drill and scraped with a microsurgical blade to a thickness of ~20 µm [15 (link)].
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