Nanofibrillated cellulose hydrogel (2%) was prepared as previously reported using a mechanical homogenization method [37 ,38 (link)]. Nanocrystalline cellulose hydrogel (11.9%) was purchased from the Process Development Center, University of Maine. m-Cresol, lithium chloride, N,N-dimethylacetamide, chlorobenzene, phenol, polyethylenimine (PEI) (number average molecular mass Mn = 60 kg/mol), maleic acid (MA), sodium hypophosphite, glycidyl methacrylate (GMA, 97%), azoisobutyronitrile (AIBN), oligo (ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (OEGMA, Mn = 950 g/mol, stabilized with inhibitors), and inhibitor removers (kits for removing hydroquinone and monomethyl ether hydroquinone (MEHQ) and tert-butylcatechol (BHT)) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA).
Silicon wafers (100 crystal plane) with a native oxide layer were purchased from University Wafer (South Boston, MA, USA). A polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film (0.50 mm thick) and a nylon 6,6 (PA 6,6) film (0.5 mm thick) were purchased from GoodFellow, Coraopolis, PA, USA. A cellophane film (regenerated cellulose) 0.03 mm thick was provided by Thermetrics. Cotton (100%, plain weave), nylon 6,6 (100%, spun, plain weave), cotton/polyester, PET (50%/50%, plain weave), polyester, and PET (100%, spun, plain weave) fabrics were purchased from Testafabrics, Inc., West Pittston, PA, USA.
Silicon wafers (100 crystal plane) with a native oxide layer were purchased from University Wafer (South Boston, MA, USA). A polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film (0.50 mm thick) and a nylon 6,6 (PA 6,6) film (0.5 mm thick) were purchased from GoodFellow, Coraopolis, PA, USA. A cellophane film (regenerated cellulose) 0.03 mm thick was provided by Thermetrics. Cotton (100%, plain weave), nylon 6,6 (100%, spun, plain weave), cotton/polyester, PET (50%/50%, plain weave), polyester, and PET (100%, spun, plain weave) fabrics were purchased from Testafabrics, Inc., West Pittston, PA, USA.