To determine the time of completion of tooth root development, root length and apical constriction diameter were measured in three dimensions by µ-CT imaging (Cosmo Scan GX; Rigaku Corp., Tokyo, Japan). Threeweek male C57BL/6J mice (n = 6) were anesthetized by intraperitoneal injection of a mixture of medetomidine hydrochloride (0.75 mg/kg; Meiji Seika Pharma, Tokyo, Japan), midazolam (4.0 mg/kg; Astellas Pharma Inc., Tokyo, Japan), and butorphanol tartrate (5 mg/kg; Meiji Seika Pharma). The root length and apical constriction diameter of the mandibular first molars were measured by µ-CT imaging (Cosmo Scan GX; Rigaku Corp.). The exposure parameters were 4 min, 90 kV, and 100 mA. The weekly isotropic voxel size from 3-14 weeks was 5 mm. The axes were standardized and the mesial root length and canal apex (apical constriction) were measured.
Cosmoscan gx
Manufactured by Rigaku
Sourced in Japan
The CosmoScan GX is a compact and versatile X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometer designed for non-destructive elemental analysis of a wide range of materials. It utilizes advanced detector technology and proprietary signal processing to provide accurate and reliable results. The CosmoScan GX is suitable for a variety of applications, including but not limited to, quality control, material identification, and environmental monitoring.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Analyze 12, by AnalyzeDirect (11 mentions)
Sevoflurane, by Pfizer (2 mentions)
Midazolam, by Astellas Pharma (2 mentions)
Osirix, by Pixmeo (1 mentions)
Tri bone system, by Ratoc System Engineering (1 mentions)
I view r software, by Rigaku (1 mentions)
Medetomidine hydrochloride, by Meiji Seika Pharma (1 mentions)
Butorphanol tartrate, by Meiji Seika Pharma (1 mentions)
Isoflurane, by Pfizer (1 mentions)
Analyze software, by AnalyzeDirect (1 mentions)
Butorphanol, by Meiji Seika Pharma (1 mentions)
Medetomidine, by Kyoritsu Seiyaku (1 mentions)
Isoflurane, by Fujifilm (1 mentions)
Skyscan nrecon software, by Bruker (1 mentions)
Skyscan 1176, by Bruker (1 mentions)
Tri 3d bone software, by Ratoc System Engineering (1 mentions)
34 protocols using cosmoscan gx
1
Tooth Root Development Measurement by µ-CT
2
3D Micro-CT Imaging of Animal Anatomy
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For 3 of the 5 animals in each group, a 3D micro-CT scan was performed hours to days before dissection at each observation point. The X-ray 3D micro-CT system (CosmoScan GX, Rigaku Co., Tokyo, Japan) was operated under the following conditions: scanning time of 4.0 min, average whole body exposure of 161.9 mGy/scan, tube voltage of 90 kV, tube current of 88 µA, and chest CT of 60 40 mm field of view (FOV) (voxel matrix: µm, and voxel size: µm). The rats were in the prone position during scanning, and sevoflurane (Pfizer Japan, Tokyo, Japan) and oxygen were supplied through a nose cone. The images were retrospectively gated at both respiratory phases (inspiration and expiration).
3
Micro-CT Evaluation of Calvaria Bone Regeneration
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Samples from all groups were examined using a micro-CT system (CosmoScan Gx, Rigaku Co., Tokyo, Japan). The calvarial bones were observed by micro CT every week after implantation until harvesting specimens 2 or 4 weeks later. Rats were scanned under anesthesia by intraperitoneal injection of 4% chloral hydrate. Three-dimensional (3D) images were reconstructed using Analyze 12.0 software (AnalyzeDirect Inc., KS, USA). The newly formed bone area was evaluated as a percentage of the total bone defect.
4
Micro-CT Analysis of Mandibular Bone Structure
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Specimens from the mandibular bone were scanned and 3-dimensional (3-D) images reconstructed by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) (Figure 4 A, B; CosmoScan GX; Rigaku, Tokyo, Japan) at 90 kV and 88 μA, with a voxel pitch of 50 μm, pixel size of 50 μm, and projection number 500 using Analyze software (Ver.11.0, Rigaku, Tokyo, Japan). CR was evaluated by calculating total bone volume (BV) and total tissue volume (TV). We defined BV as the area consisting of trabecular bone (yellow, Figure 4 A) and cortical bone (green, Figure 4 A), which represented 450 to 600 CT values and 600 to 2000 CT values, respectively. The CT value in this micro-CT system was calculated by Analyze software and was an approximated value to Hounsfield Units (HU). TV was calculated as BV + other area (blue, Figure 4 A), which mainly consisted of bone marrow representing 350 to 450 CT values.
Bone mineral density (BMD) of the condylar bone was evaluated by calculating the BV/TV value using Analyze software. BMD was evaluated within a square of 1000 × 1000 μm of the condylar bone facing the articular tubercle, and three sliced regions were set at 250 μm intervals from each CT data.
Bone mineral density (BMD) of the condylar bone was evaluated by calculating the BV/TV value using Analyze software. BMD was evaluated within a square of 1000 × 1000 μm of the condylar bone facing the articular tubercle, and three sliced regions were set at 250 μm intervals from each CT data.
5
Evaluating Mandibular Bone Changes After SC Transplantation
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Before the SC transplantation, the location of the inserted insect pin in the extracted socket was evaluated using micro-CT imaging (Fig. 2D,E, Cosmo Scan GX; BMD., Tokyo, Japan) with exposure parameters of 2 min, 90 kV, and 100 mA, and an isotropic voxel size of 25 mm, as previously described [17] [18] [19] . Also, the destruction of the mandibular canal before the SC transplantation and the repair of the mandibular canal after the SC transplantation were evaluated using micro-CT imaging (Cosmo Scan GX; Rigaku Corp.). Micro-CT images were obtained from each rat prior to surgery and 1 and 2 weeks after surgery, and the bone volume and bone mineral density (BMD) were measured in 1.5 × 1.5 × 1.0 mm regions of interest that contained the extracted sockets of the distal root of the mandibular first molar. The radio-opacity of each extracted socket was measured using voxel images in the bone volume measuring software 3 by 4 viewer 2011 (Kitasenjyu Radist Dental Clinic i-View Image Center, Tokyo, Japan). Increases in the bone volume and BMD in individual rats were calculated by subtracting the presurgical value from the values that were obtained 1 and 2 weeks after surgery.
6
Distal Femoral Metaphyses µCT Imaging
7
Lung Metastasis Quantification in Mice
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Ex3LL cells (1×106 in 100-mL PBS) were implanted into the left thigh muscle. Tumor formation was monitored weekly. Four weeks after implantation, the number of metastatic lung nodules was counted by micro X-ray computed tomography with a Cosmo Scan GX (Rigaku, Tokyo, Japan); the images were interpreted on OsiriX (Pixmeo SARL, Bernex, Switzerland) by a pulmonologist. The mice were then euthanized, and the primary tumors were weighed. The lungs were fixed with 10% formalin neutral buffer solution, and metastatic lung nodules were counted macroscopically. In the tail-vein assay for metastasis, Ex3LL cells (8×105 in 200 mL PBS) were injected into the tail vein. Three weeks after the injection, the lungs were harvested and fixed in 10% formalin neutral buffer solution, and the lung nodules were counted macroscopically.
8
3D Micro-CT Imaging of Rodent Anatomy
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For three out of the five animals in each experimental group, a 3D micro-CT scan was conducted hours to days prior to dissection at each designated observation time. The X-ray 3D micro-CT system used for this purpose was the CosmoScan GX, manufactured by Rigaku Co., Tokyo, Japan. The system was operated under specific conditions, including a scanning time of 4.0 min, an average whole-body exposure of 161.9 mGy per scan, a tube voltage of 90 kV, a tube current of 88 µA and a chest CT with a field of view (FOV) measuring 60 mm × 40 mm (voxel matrix: 512 µm × 512 µm × 512 µm; voxel size: 120 µm × 120 µm × 120 µm). The rats were positioned in the prone posture during the scanning process, and sevoflurane (supplied by Pfizer Japan, Tokyo, Japan) and oxygen were administered through a nose cone. The acquired images were retrospectively gated at both respiratory phases, encompassing both inspiration and expiration.
9
Bone Microstructure Changes in Ankle Joints
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Changes in bony microstructure around the ankles were assessed in mice three weeks after PolyI-PolyC injection using micro-CT with an X-ray micro-CT system (CosmoScan GX; Rigaku Corporation, Tokyo, Japan). Eroded areas as a proportion of total cortical bone area were calculated at ankle joints.
10
Femoral Bone Microstructural Analysis
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Mice were sacri ced and their hind limbs were removed, xed in 70% ethanol, and analyzed for bone histomorphometry. Microstructural changes in femoral bone were evaluated using a micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) system (CosmoScan GX; Rigaku corporation, Tokyo, Japan). The distal and diaphyseal femur were scanned at 90kV, 160μA, and a voxel size of 20 × 20 × 20μm. Three-dimensional reconstruction using the TRI-BONE system (Ratoc system Engineering, Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) was performed. For bone morphometric analysis we evaluated tissue mineral density of cortical bone (TMD, mg/cm 3 ), cortical thickness (Ct.Th, μm), cortical bone area (Ct.Ar, mm 2 ), and BMC (mg) as parameters.
TMD was evaluated in cortical bone of the metaphyseal femur, and Ct.Th, Ct.Ar and BMC were evaluated in cortical bone of the diaphyseal femur. The metaphysis was measured from 200μm below the growth plate and to 4000μm distal, and the diaphyseal was 500μm wide.
Histopathological and uorescent immunohistochemical analysis
TMD was evaluated in cortical bone of the metaphyseal femur, and Ct.Th, Ct.Ar and BMC were evaluated in cortical bone of the diaphyseal femur. The metaphysis was measured from 200μm below the growth plate and to 4000μm distal, and the diaphyseal was 500μm wide.
Histopathological and uorescent immunohistochemical analysis
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