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12 protocols using il 10 elisa kit

1

Quantifying Cytokine Levels by ELISA

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The cytokine levels in the supernatant were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using commercially available IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-17A, and IL-10 ELISA kits (Biolegend, San Diego, CA, USA) according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
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2

Synthesis and Characterization of Multifunctional Nanoparticles

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Stearic acid, lauric acid, soybean lecithin, sodium hyaluronate, N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS), sodium periodate (NaIO4), and 1-Ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDCI) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (America). DSPE-mPEG2000 was obtained from Advanced Vehicle Technology Pharmaceutical Tech Co., Ltd (Shanghai, China). RGX-104 was provided by RayStarBio (Hangzhou, China). Methyl 3-mercapto propionate, dopamine hydrochloride, gamma polyglutamic acid (PGA), β-mercaptoethanol and 2-(N-Morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid (MES) were purchased from Macklin (Shanghai, China). Recombinant mouse GM-CSF and IL-4 were obtained from Peprotech (Rocky Hill, NJ, USA). Fetal Bovine Serum was purchased from ExCell Bio (cat: FSP500; Shanghai, China) and Haixing Bioscience (cat: FBP-C520; Suzhou, China). Mouse IL-6, TGF-β, and IL-10 ELISA kits were acquired from Biolegend (America), and mouse IFN-γ ELISA kits were acquired from Invitrogen (America). Anti-CD3-PE-Cy7, anti-CD4-FTIC, anti-CD4-APC, anti-CD8α-APC, anti-CD8α-FITC, anti-CD69-PE, anti–IFN–γ-PE, anti-Granzyme B-Pacific Blue, anti-CD44-FITC, anti-CD62L-APC, anti-DX5-PE, anti-CD11c-FITC, anti-CD11c-PE, anti-CD103-APC, anti-CD11b-PE, anti-CD11b-FITC, anti-F4/80-PE, anti-CD80-APC, anti-CD86-PE-Cy7, anti-CD206-APC, anti-Gr-1-PE, anti-CD25-FITC, anti-Foxp3-APC, anti-CD45-APC were purchased from Biolegend (America).
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3

Quantification of Cytokine Levels

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Cytokine levels in the culture supernatant and sera were quantified by a commercial sandwich ELISA kit. The TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12p70, and IL-10 ELISA kits were purchased from Biolegend and the IL-23 ELISA kit was purchased from eBioscience. The ELISA was performed following the manufacturer’s instructions. The absorbance was measured at 450 nm using a microplate reader (EPOCH2C, BioTek, Winooski, VT, USA).
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4

Cytokine Quantification in Biological Fluids

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Peritoneal fluid samples and cell culture supernatant were centrifuged to remove cellular debris and were stored at −80 °C until analyzed. The concentration of FGL2, IL-12p70, and IL-10 were measured by using human FGL2, IL-12p70, and IL-10 ELISA Kits (BioLegend, CA, USA, and R&D system, USA) according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
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5

Fisetin-Mediated Immunomodulation Assay

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Fisetin (>98% pure, catalog number: 528483, Figure 1) was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich and diluted in culture media containing 0.1% DMSO, sterile filtered, and stored at 4°C prior to utilization. An equivalent DMSO concentration was used for all control animals. Cyclophosphamide (CTX) and 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) were procured from Sigma (MO, USA). RPMI-1640 was from HyClone (Logan, UT). Moreover, BioLegend (CA, USA) supplied IL-6, IL-17, TGF-β, TNF-α, and IL-10 ELISA kits. PE-anti-IL-17A, FITC-anti-CD4, APC-anti-CD25, and PE-anti-Foxp3 were from BD Pharmingen.
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6

Immune Response to LPS and MPL

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LPS from Escherichia coli and MPL from Salmonella enteric serotype Minnesota RE 595 were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). IL-1β, TNF-α and IFN-γ ELISA kits were purchased from R&D Systems, Inc. (Minneapolis, MN, USA; detection range 15.6–1000 pg/ml, 31.2–2000 pg/ml and 31.2–2000 pg/ml respectively). IL-10 ELISA kits were purchased from Biolegend, Inc. (San Diego, CA, USA; detection range of 31.3–2000 pg/ml). IL-12p40 capture (purified) and detection (biotin) antibodies were purchased from BD Pharmingen; detection range of 39.06–5000 pg/ml). If samples reached the top end of the standard curve for ELISA assays, samples were diluted 1∶2 for more accurate readings. Alum was purchased from Brenntag Biosector (Alhydrogel). Liposomal Doxorubicin (DOX-N), 80–90 nm, was purchased from Avanti Polar Lipids, Inc. (Alabaster, AL, USA). 4T1-luc2-td Tomato Bioware Ultra Red mouse mammary cancer cells were purchased from Caliper Life Sciences (Hopkinton, MA, USA). Human THP-1 monocytes were purchased from American Type Culture Collection (ATCC; Manassas, VA, USA).
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7

Evaluation of Cytokine and Antibody Responses in Mice Immunized with T. gondii Antigens

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Serum samples of immunized mice and naïve mice were gathered for cytokines and antibody levels detection 30 or 75‐days post‐infection. The effect of vaccine‐induced cytokine production was measured using mouse IFN‐γ, TNF‐α, IL‐12p70 and IL‐10 ELISA kits (BioLegend, San Diego, CA, USA) according to the manufacturer’s protocols. The levels of T. gondii specific total immunoglobulin G (IgG) and subclasses of IgG antibodies IgG2a and IgG1 as indicators of type 1T‐helper (Th1) and type 2T‐helper (Th2) responses, respectively, were analysed using ELISA assay as described previously (Wang et al., 2017a; Huang et al., 2019). A total of 100 μl soluble tachyzoite antigens (5 μg ml−1) were coated in a 96‐well plate and incubated at 4°C overnight. Then, the plate was washed 3 times and blocked with 1% BSA at 37°C for 1 h. After washing 3 times, 100 μl serum samples were added to appropriate wells at 37°C for 45 min. Subsequently, 100 μl of HRP conjugated goat anti‐mouse IgG secondary antibodies (1:5000 dilutions, Beyotime Biotechnology, Beijing, China), anti‐mouse IgG1(1:10 000, Abcam, Cambridge, UK) and anti‐mouse IgG2a (1:10 000, Abcam) were added to each well and incubated at 37°C for 30 min. Finally, tetramethylbenzidine as substrate was incubated to visualize the immunoreaction, and the OD value was determined at 630 nm using a microplate reader.
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8

Cytokine Secretion and T-cell Activation

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IDCs were co-cultured with killed tumor cells (as indicated above) or stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS Cat# L2630) as a positive control. The culture supernatant was then harvested to detect the level of IL-12p70 and IL-10 secretion using ELISA kit (IL-12p70 ELISA kit (BioLegend Cat#431704); IL-10 ELISA kit (BioLegend Cat# 430604)) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. After co-culture with cancer cells unpulsed or tumor-loaded DCs were added to autologous T cells at a ratio of 1:10. After 48 hours, the production of IFN-γ was measured by ELISA (BioLegend Cat# 430104) according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
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9

Cytokine Quantification in Immune Cells

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Cytokines in supernatants of DC culture, DC co-cultured with T-cells, and single cells isolated from lungs of immunized mice were analyzed using commercial ELISA kits according to the manufacturer’s instructions. All ELISA kits were from Thermo Fisher Scientific, except for the IL-10 ELISA kit (Biolegend, San Diego, CA, USA).
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10

Inflammatory Pathway Modulation Assay

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Antibodies were obtained from the following vendors: SIRT2 (Cell signaling, D4050),GAPDH (Santa Cruz Biotech, sc-322336C5), Anti rabbit IgG, HRP- linked antibody (Cell signaling, 7074), Anti mouse IgG, HRP-linked antibody (Cell signaling, 7076), Alexa Fluor 488 from Invitrogen (Carlsbad, CA, USA). Chemicals were purchased from the following vendors: AK-7 from TOCRIS Bioscience (Minneapolis, MN, USA), Ethyl alcohol from Pharmco by Greenfield global and Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10 ELISA kit were obtained from BioLegends (San Diego, CA, USA). RAW264.7 (ATCC1 TIB-71™: RAW) cell macrophages were obtained from ATCC.
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