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65 protocols using buprenorphine

1

Transfer of Cardiac Cell Therapy

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WT or IL-17Ra–/– BALB/c mice on day 21 of EAM were depilated and anesthetized with 3.5% isoflurane (Baxter). The mice were subsequently endotracheally intubated, 100% oxygen and 2% isoflurane were provided to the animals throughout the operation by mechanical ventilation (Model 845, Harvard Apparatus). Pre-operational analgesics (0.05 mg/kg Buprenorphine, Reckitt Benckiser) and paralytics (1 mg/kg Succinylcholine, Henry Schein) were administered prior to operation. Mice were subjected to a thoracotomy, typically around the 4th or 5th intercostal space to expose the heart ventricles. Roughly 1.5 – 2 × 105 cells were injected with a 29G 29G ½ insulin syringe (BD) into 2 – 3 ventricular locations. Mice were placed under the heat lamp to recover post-surgery, post-operational analgesics (0.05 mg/kg Buprenorphine, Reckitt Benckiser) were administered. Mice were sacrifice at 40 hours or at 160 hours post-surgery to assess cell transfer outcomes.
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2

Transfer of Cardiac Cell Therapy

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WT or IL-17Ra–/– BALB/c mice on day 21 of EAM were depilated and anesthetized with 3.5% isoflurane (Baxter). The mice were subsequently endotracheally intubated, 100% oxygen and 2% isoflurane were provided to the animals throughout the operation by mechanical ventilation (Model 845, Harvard Apparatus). Pre-operational analgesics (0.05 mg/kg Buprenorphine, Reckitt Benckiser) and paralytics (1 mg/kg Succinylcholine, Henry Schein) were administered prior to operation. Mice were subjected to a thoracotomy, typically around the 4th or 5th intercostal space to expose the heart ventricles. Roughly 1.5 – 2 × 105 cells were injected with a 29G 29G ½ insulin syringe (BD) into 2 – 3 ventricular locations. Mice were placed under the heat lamp to recover post-surgery, post-operational analgesics (0.05 mg/kg Buprenorphine, Reckitt Benckiser) were administered. Mice were sacrifice at 40 hours or at 160 hours post-surgery to assess cell transfer outcomes.
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3

Thermal Lesion Adhesion Model in Mice

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Example 4

The mice were randomly divided into groups comprising the same number of animals. The mice were anesthetized with 5% isoflurane (Baxter, Unterschleißheim, Germany) and maintained with 2.5% isoflurane that was delivered through a facemask. Preoperative antisepsis was performed with betaisadona (Nundipharma GmbH, Limburg, Germany). All mice received 0.02 mg/kg buprenorphine (Reckitt Benckiser, Mannheim, Germany) for analgesia subcutaneously.

After median laparotomy the thermic lesions were induced by heat exposure after the viscera (especially the intestine) using a red lamp with a distance of 1 meter for 10 minutes. No further manipulation was performed.

The animals were treated as follows:

    • In the controls, only adhesion induction, but no other intervention was performed.
    • In the DNasel multi group, the abdomen of the mice was washed before closure with 1 ml NaCl 0.9% comprising 10 mg/kg bodyweight DNasel (Pulmozyme, Roche, Grenzach, Germany). Additionally, 100 μl NaCl 0.9% was injected i.p. after 24 and 48 hours.

The abdomen war closed using a 6x0 Ethilon (Ethicon Norderstedt, Germany) running suture.

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4

Murine Wound Model for Healing Studies

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Wounding was performed similarly to that previously described (Galiano et al., 2004 ). Briefly, mice were anesthetized via isoflurane inhalation and received buprenorphine (0.1mg/kg, Reckitt Benckiser Pharmaceuticals, Richmond, VA) subcutaneously for pre-emptive and post-operative analgesia. The dorsum of each mouse was shaved with electric clippers and a depilatory agent (Nair, Church and Dwight, Ewing, NJ) was applied to remove residual hair. Dorsal surfaces were aseptically prepared for wounding with a chlorhexidine scrub. Silicone splints (Grace Bio-Laboratories, Bend, OR) that were 0.5 mm thick with an 8 mm-in-diameter, centered hole were adhered to the dorsum using GLUture (Abbott, Abbott Park, IL) topical adhesive. Each splint was secured with 8 interrupted, non-absorbable polypropylene sutures (5-0 Prolene; Ethicon, Somerville, NJ). A 6 mm biopsy punch (Miltex, Plainsboro, NJ) was used to generate wounds within the centers of splints. Wounds were covered with a sterile non-adhesive pad (Curad, Medline Industries, Mundelein, IL) and an overlying adhesive dressing (Tegaderm; 3M, St. Paul, MN). Wound analysis was performed in a blinded fashion with respect to genotype or treatment group of the animal.
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5

Murine Wound Model for Healing Studies

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Wounding was performed similarly to that previously described (Galiano et al., 2004 ). Briefly, mice were anesthetized via isoflurane inhalation and received buprenorphine (0.1mg/kg, Reckitt Benckiser Pharmaceuticals, Richmond, VA) subcutaneously for pre-emptive and post-operative analgesia. The dorsum of each mouse was shaved with electric clippers and a depilatory agent (Nair, Church and Dwight, Ewing, NJ) was applied to remove residual hair. Dorsal surfaces were aseptically prepared for wounding with a chlorhexidine scrub. Silicone splints (Grace Bio-Laboratories, Bend, OR) that were 0.5 mm thick with an 8 mm-in-diameter, centered hole were adhered to the dorsum using GLUture (Abbott, Abbott Park, IL) topical adhesive. Each splint was secured with 8 interrupted, non-absorbable polypropylene sutures (5-0 Prolene; Ethicon, Somerville, NJ). A 6 mm biopsy punch (Miltex, Plainsboro, NJ) was used to generate wounds within the centers of splints. Wounds were covered with a sterile non-adhesive pad (Curad, Medline Industries, Mundelein, IL) and an overlying adhesive dressing (Tegaderm; 3M, St. Paul, MN). Wound analysis was performed in a blinded fashion with respect to genotype or treatment group of the animal.
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6

Estrogen Pellet Implantation in Balb/c Mice

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About 6–8 week-old female Balb/c mice were purchased from Jackson Laboratories (Bar Harbor, ME). Animals were housed in the Animal Facility of the Comparative Medicine Center at the University of Utah under standard conditions and all procedures were conducted following approved Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) protocols.
A total of 30 mice were used for E2 pellet implantation and randomly divided into six groups (n = 5). Animals total body weights were recorded before the surgical procedure and each mouse was anesthetized with a mixture of 1 mL of ketamine (Vedco Inc., Saint Joseph, MO), 0.1 mL of xylazine (LLOYD, Shenandoah, IA), and 8.9 mL of normal saline. Mice received intraperitoneal injections of ketamin–xylazine mixture combined with subcutaneous buprenorphine (Reckitt Benckiser Pharmaceuticals, Richmond, VA). Doses were adjusted accordingly to each animal body weight. A small incision, ∼2–3 mm in length, was made between the shoulder blades to form a subcutaneous pocket. One E2 pellet was inserted into the pockets of each animal. Incisions were closed using 4-0 polyglycolic acid suture with a taper needle (Ethicon, Somerville, NJ) and then disinfected with alcohol/iodine.
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7

Intestinal Anastomosis and Adhesion Induction in Mice

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Example 3

The mice were randomly divided into groups comprising the same number of animals. The mice were anesthetized with 5% isoflurane (Baxter, Unterschleißheim, Germany) and maintained with 2.5% isoflurane that was delivered through a facemask. Preoperative antisepsis was performed with betaisadona (Mundipharma GmbH, Limburg, Germany). All mice received 0.02 mg/kg buprenorphine (Reckitt Benckiser, Mannheim, Germany) for analgesia subcutaneously. Intestinal anastomosis was performed with 8x0 Vicryl (Ethicon Norderstedt, Germany) continuous suture after dissection of the small intestine (distal ileum).

The animals were treated as follows:

    • In the controls, only adhesion induction, but no other intervention was performed.
    • In the DNasel multi group, the abdomen of the mice was washed before closure with 1 ml NaCl 0.9% comprising 10 mg/kg bodyweight DNasel (Pulmozyme, Roche, Grenzach, Germany). Additionally, 100 μl NaCl 0.9% was injected i.p. after 24 and 48 hours.

The abdomen war closed using a 6x0 Ethilon (Ethicon Norderstedt, Germany) running suture.

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8

Post-operative care for animal subjects

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Animals were removed from anaesthesia and, once lucid, treated with subcutaneous non-steroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAID, 0.7 mg/kg, 50 mg/mL every 12 h, Carprofen, Norbrook, Australia) and intramuscular Buprenorphine (Temgesic, 1.0 mL, 324 μg/mL Buprenorphine hydrochloride, Reckitt Benckiser, Australia) for pain relief, and intramuscular Depocillin for antibiosis (1 mL/25 kg every 12 h, Procaine benzylpenicillin, Intervet, Australia). NSAID and antibiotic treatment was continued for 3 days post-operatively, and as required thereafter. Clinical assessment was carried out twice daily to determine animal wellbeing, including urine and faecal output, food and water intake, and signs of apathy. Animals remained in indoor housing for 3 days post-operatively, after which they were returned to protected outdoor pens and housed individually.
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9

Ovine Microdialysis Protocol for Multisite Monitoring

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Sixteen Merino ewes (43.5 ± 6.2 kg) were fasted overnight for the study. Procedures involving animal care, data capture, and anesthetic and surgical techniques, including placement of microdialysis catheters and microdialysis, were done in accordance with previously described methods (13 (link)). At the commencement of the study, all animals were anesthetized with midazolam (0.5 mg/kg; Pfizer), buprenorphine (300 μg; Reckitt Benckiser Healthcare), and alfaxalone (3 mg/kg; Jurox). Anesthesia was maintained with an infusion of alfaxalone (6 mg/kg/h; Jurox), midazolam (0.25 mg/kg/h; Pfizer), fentanyl (15 μg/kg/h; Hameln Pharmaceuticals), and ketamine (10 mg/kg/h; Troy Laboratories). All anesthetic and analgesic medications were titrated to maintain adequate surgical anesthesia.
A central venous catheter (Arrow International), facial artery arterial catheter (Arterial Leadercath, Vygon), and pulmonary artery catheter (Swan-Ganz CCOmbo, Edwards Lifesciences) were inserted to facilitate drug administration and cardiovascular monitoring.
Microdialysis catheters (CMA 63 and 70 MD probes) were surgically inserted into the femoral artery, brain, heart, liver, and left kidney.
Throughout the study, all animals received protocolized ventilation to maintain an SaO2 of >94% and an end-tidal CO2 of 35−45 mm Hg.
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10

Surgical Procedure for Femoral Fractures

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The surgical procedures were previously reported. Briefly [21 (link),80 (link)], the animals received 2.5% isoflurane/oxygen and a subcutaneous injection of 1 mg/kg Buprenorphine (Reckitt Benckiser, Ludwigschafen am Rhein, Germany) for anesthesia before surgery. Then, the left part of the knee was bent, and an incision was made through the skin to expose the patella. The patella was then moved to the lateral side to expose the femoral condyles. A passage for the intramedullary pin was created through the distal end of the femur using a hollow needle (BD MicrolanceTM, 0.55 mm, sterile, Becton Dickinson Life Sciences, Heidelberg, Germany). This needle was removed, and then an intramedullary pin (Thermo spinal needle 17, 0.5 × 0.9 mm, Thermo Europe N. V., Leuven, Belgium) was inserted into the bone marrow cavity. After relocating the patella, the wound was carefully sutured.
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