Intralipid

Manufactured by Merck Group

Sourced in United States

Intralipid is a parenteral nutrition solution that provides essential fatty acids and energy. It is a sterile, non-pyrogenic, lipid emulsion for intravenous administration. Intralipid is composed of soybean oil, egg yolk phospholipids, glycerin, and water for injection.

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Lab products found in correlation

Bilirubin, by Merck Group (3 mentions) Quinine hydrochloride, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Hemoglobin, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Tak 242, by InvivoGen (2 mentions) Sucrose solution, by Avantor (2 mentions) Ensure plus, by Abbott (2 mentions) Propofol, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Infinity triglycerides reagent, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions) Humulin r, by Eli Lilly (2 mentions) 3h triolein, by PerkinElmer (2 mentions) Syringe pump, by Harvard Apparatus (2 mentions) Ascorbic acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Bovine serum albumin (bsa), by Merck Group (2 mentions) Glucometer, by BD (1 mentions) Sodium pyruvate, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Microvette cb 300, by Sarstedt (1 mentions) Saccharin, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Leptin, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Glycerol, by Cayman Chemical (1 mentions) Cholecystokinin, by Phoenix Pharmaceuticals (1 mentions)

Spelling variants of this product

Intralipid 20% emulsion (12 citations) Intralipid 20% (9 citations) Intralipid emulsion (8 citations) Intralipid solution (2 citations)

66 protocols using intralipid

Olive Oil and Intralipid Tolerance

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Rats were fasted for 16 h and then received an intragastric bolus of olive oil (1 mL/100 g body weight per rat). Blood samples were taken from the tail vein, and serum TG levels were measured before and at 1, 2, 4, and 6 h after gavage. For intralipid tolerance tests, rats were fasted for 16 h and then received a single intraperitoneal injection of intralipid (20% emulsion obtained from Sigma-Aldrich, 1 mL/100 g body weight per rat). Blood were collected and serum TG levels were measured before and at 2, 4, and 6 h after injection.

Wang Z., Wang L., Zhang Z., Feng L., Song X, & Wu J. (2019). Apolipoprotein A-IV involves in glucose and lipid metabolism of rat. Nutrition & Metabolism, 16, 41.

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Tissue Phantom for Optical Imaging

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The tissue phantom was made from gelatin gel containing 2% of Intralipid (20%, emulsion, Sigma) mimicking the scattering from the tissue and 100 µM of hemoglobin (porcelain, Sigma) mimicking tissue absorption.^{37 (link)–38 (link)} Briefly, 5 g of gelatin, 1 ml of Intralipid (20% emulsion), 320 mg of hemoglobin and 0.5 g glutaraldehyde were dissolved in 50ml Tris buffer (pH=7.4, 50 mM Tris, 150 mM NaCl and 0.1% w/v sodium azide) at about 50 °C. The homogenous solution was then poured to a model with the thickness of 1, 2, 3, and 4 mm. The gel was formed after refrigeration overnight. For the tissue penetration experiment, 80 µCi (2.96 MBq) of ⁸⁹Zr and an increasing concentration of QDs were added to wells in a 96-well plate, reaching a total volume of 250 µl. The tissue phantoms with different thickness were placed on top of the well plate and imaged in a PerkinElmer IVIS Spectrum optical imaging system. QD fluorescence was imaged with excitation at 605 nm, emission at 720 nm, and 2 s exposure time. CL was imaged without blocked excitation, either open emission filter or 720 nm filter, and 2 min exposure time.

Zhao Y., Shaffer T.M., Das S., Pérez-Medina C., Mulder W.J, & Grimm J. (2017). Near-infrared quantum dot and 89Zr dual-labeled nanoparticles for in vivo Cerenkov imaging. Bioconjugate chemistry, 28(2), 600-608.

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Cellular and In Vivo Coenzyme Q Uptake

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For cellular uptake of CoQ, cells were incubated with 10µM CoQ₉ or CoQ₁₀. A 1mM CoQ stock solution was generated by dissolving CoQ in 100% ethanol and heating for 5 min to 65°C. 10µL of 1mM CoQ was then added to 90µL Intralipid (Sigma #I141) and heated to 65°C for 5 min. This solution was then mixed with 1ml pre-warmed complete media and immediately added to cells. Cells were incubated at 37°C with 10µM CoQ for up to 6 h, at which time the media was removed, cells were washed three times with PBS, and harvested for CoQ extraction. For in vivo uptake of CoQ, mice were injected intraperitoneally with 200µL of either a commercial CoQ₁₀ solution (LiQSorb, Tishcon Corp) or a CoQ₁₀/Intralipid solution. To make this solution, a 29mM CoQ₁₀ stock solution was generated by dissolving CoQ₁₀ (Sigma #C9538) in 100% ethanol and heating for 15 min to 65°C. 20µL of 29mM CoQ₁₀ was then added to 180µL Intralipid (Sigma #I141) and heated to 65°C for 15 min. 200µl of this 1.45mM CoQ₁₀/Intralipid was injected intraperitoneally per mouse. Serum and tissues were collected 24 h following injection for CoQ extraction.

Anderson C.M., Kazantzis M., Wang J., Venkatraman S., Goncalves R.L., Quinlan C.L., Ng R., Jastroch M., Benjamin D.I., Nie B., Herber C., Ngoc Van A.A., Park M.J., Yun D., Chan K., Yu A., Vuong P., Febbraio M., Nomura D., Napoli J., Brand M.D, & Stahl A. (2015). Dependence of Brown Adipose Tissue Function on CD36-Mediated Coenzyme Q Uptake. Cell reports, 10(4), 505-515.

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Near-Infrared Fluorescence Imaging in Tissue-Mimicking Phantom

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Where 1% Intralipid^® solution was prepared by diluting 20% Intralipid^® (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) with deionized water. A 3D printing black box filled with 1% Intralipid^® solution was placed on a plate. Glass capillary tubes (OD = 1.5 mm/ID = 1.1 mm) filled with IR-TPE Pdots were immersed in the Intralipid^® solution. IR-TPE Pdots were synthesized according to the method in our previous study [22 (link),23 (link)]. Capillaries were immersed at depths from 1 to 6 mm from the surface. Supplementary Tables S1 and S2 summarize the parameter sets of imaging (excitation source, optical filters, and integration times). All the images were collected with a homemade NIR-II imaging system. The average fluorescence intensity was captured from the same region of interest (ROI). Statistical analysis results were obtained using Origin 8.0.

Su S.P., Lin S.L., Chan Y.H., Lee Y.J., Lee Y.C., Zeng P.X., Li Y.X., Yang M.H, & Chiang H.K. (2022). Development of Stereo NIR-II Fluorescence Imaging System for 3D Tumor Vasculature in Small Animals. Biosensors, 12(2), 85.

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Metabolic Tolerance Tests in Mice

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During glucose tolerance tests (GTT), animals were fasted overnight (∼16 h), and glucose (1 g/kg) was injected intraperitoneally (IP). During insulin tolerance tests (ITT), food was removed 2 h prior to insulin (1.2 U/kg) injection. During pyruvate tolerance tests (PTT), mice were fasted overnight (∼16 h) and then IP-injected with 2 g/kg body weight sodium pyruvate (Sigma-Aldrich) in saline. Blood glucose levels during GTT, ITT, and PTT were measured using a glucometer (BD Pharmingen) at the indicated time points. During lipid tolerance tests (LTT), mice were fasted 12 h and then IP injected with 20% emulsified Intralipid (soybean oil; Sigma; 10 µL/g of body weight). Sera were collected via tail bleed using a Microvette® CB 300 (Sarstedt) at 0, 1, 2, 3, and 5 h post-injection. Serum levels of NEFA and triglycerides were quantified using kits from Wako and Infinity Triglycerides, respectively.

Peterson J.M., Seldin M.M., Tan S.Y, & Wong G.W. (2014). CTRP2 Overexpression Improves Insulin and Lipid Tolerance in Diet-Induced Obese Mice. PLoS ONE, 9(2), e88535.

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Taste and Lipid Metabolism Assessment

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As taste stimuli, we used a “sweet solution” consisting of a mixture of 0.125% saccharin and 3% glucose (both Sigma-Aldrich, St Louis, MO) or a “bitter solution” consisting of 0.15% (0.0038 M) quinine hydrochloride (Sigma-Aldrich). The saccharin-glucose mixture is avidly ingested by rats [12] (link); the 0.15% quinine is strongly disliked–tasting it elicits negative hedonic responses (i.e., gapes and chin rubs) and it is almost completely avoided in two-bottle preference tests [7] (link). As an intragastric fat load, 20% intralipid was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Cat. No. I-141). Radioactive ¹⁴C-triolein was purchased from American Radiolabeled Chemicals Inc (St Louis, MO) and stored at −20°C until use.
The following enzymatic colorimetric kits or ELISA kits were used for the assay of blood components; triglycerides, ketones, glycerol and glucose from Cayman Chemical Co. (Ann Arbor, MI); non-esterified fatty acid from Wako Diagnostics (Richmond, VA); insulin from Alpco Diagnostics (Windham, NH); total GIP, total GLP-1 and leptin from Millipore (Billerica, MA); peptide YY and cholecystokinin from Phoenix Pharmaceuticals (Belmont, CA).

Saitou K., Lees J.N, & Tordoff M.G. (2014). Taste Hedonics Influence the Disposition of Fat by Modulating Gastric Emptying in Rats. PLoS ONE, 9(3), e90717.

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Pharmacological Modulation of Stress

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Propofol and etomidate were purchased from APP Pharmaceuticals, LLC (Schaumburg, IL) and Hospira, Inc. (Lake Forest, IL), respectively. Intralipid, corticosterone and RU486 were acquired from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). RU28318 was purchased from R&D Systems, Inc. (Minneapolis, MN). Bumetanide (Ben Venue Laboratories, Inc., Bedford, OH) was purchased from Bedford Laboratories™ (Bedford, OH).

Willis J., Zhu W., Perez-Downes J., Tan S., Xu C., Seubert C., Gravenstein N, & Martynyuk A. (2015). Propofol-Induced Electroencephalographic Seizures in Neonatal Rats: The Role of Corticosteroids and Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Type A Receptor-Mediated Excitation. Anesthesia and analgesia, 120(2), 433-439.

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Protein Immunoassay Protocol for GAD65, IA-2, and Insulin

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The full length GAD65 from RSR (#rGAD/FR/1) and insulin from Sigma Aldrich (#91077) were full-length recombinant proteins produced in yeast. The IA-2 antigen from RSR (#rIA2/FR/1) was a recombinant protein fragment from amino acid 604–979 produced in E. Coli. Polyclonal GAD antibodies were purchased from R&D systems (#AF2247). IA-2 antibodies were from Proteintech (#10584-1AP). insulin antibodies were from Abcam (#14042). Platinum Taq polymerase (#10966026) and SYBR qPCR 2X master mix (#4385610) was purchased from Thermo Fisher. Hemoglobin (#H7379), bilirubin (#B4126) and intralipid (#I141) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich. Dithiothreitol (DTT #202090) and sulfo-SMCC (#22122) were purchased from Life Technologies. DNA ligase (#A8101) was purchased from Lucigen. Other reagents are detailed in the method sections as appropriate.

Cortez F.D., Gebhart D., Robinson P.V., Seftel D., Pourmandi N., Owyoung J., Bertozzi C.R., Wilson D.M., Maahs D.M., Buckingham B.A., Mills J.R., Roforth M.M., Pittock S.J., McKeon A., Page K., Wolf W.A., Sanda S., Speake C., Greenbaum C.J, & Tsai C.T. (2020). Sensitive detection of multiple islet autoantibodies in type 1 diabetes using small sample volumes by agglutination-PCR. PLoS ONE, 15(11), e0242049.

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Purification and Application of Hemoglobin

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TAK-242, a small molecule inhibitor of TLR4, was purchased from InvivoGen and dissolved in intralipid (Sigma). Hemopexin was purchased from Athens Research & Technology. All other materials were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich (St Louis, MO) except MahmaNONOate which was obtained from Axxora Platform (San Diego, CA). Sodium nitrite (Sigma) used in resuscitation was dissolved in saline. Adsol was from Baxter Health Care Corporation. Human oxyhemoglobin was purified for healthy donors according to UAB Institutional Review Board approved protocols and stored in the CO-ligated form as previously described[28 (link)]. Methemoglobin was synthesized and purified as previously described using potassium ferricyanide added at a 2-fold excess over oxyHb (in heme) and purifying metHb by gel-filtration using Sephadex G-25 columns[29 (link)]. Similar protocols were used for preparing mouse hemoglobin. Male C57BL/6 mice weighing 22 g to 30 g were purchased from Harlan Laboratories (Indianapolis, IN) at 8–10 weeks of age.

Stapley R., Rodriguez C., Oh J.Y., Honavar J., Brandon A., Wagener B.M., Marques M.B., Weinberg J.A., Kerby J.D., Pittet J.F, & Patel R.P. (2015). RBC washing, nitrite therapy, and anti-heme therapies prevent stored RBC toxicity after trauma-hemorrhage. Free radical biology & medicine, 85, 207-218.

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Interference Screening for Clinical Assays

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An interference screen was conducted using low TP and high TP pools created with human AB serum (Corning, VWR) spiked with ALB to reach TP=6 g/dL and TP=8 g/dL targets [25] . These pools were then spiked with conjugated bilirubin (BILI; Scripps Laboratories), anhydrous d-glucose (GLU; VWR, Radnor, PA), lyophilized human hemoglobin (Hb; Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO), sodium chloride (NaCl; BDH Chemicals, VWR), or 20% Intralipid (Sigma Aldrich), with spiked-interferent concentrations targeted to CLSI-specifications [25] . Reconstituted human Hb was found to be in methemoglobin form [23] . 5 aliquots were tested per interferent in alternating order of control and test specimens. Interference was suggested when results exceeded a TAE of 3.63% [24] . Characterization of identified interferences were then evaluated through dilution mixtures of low and high interferent concentrations dissolved in a 6 g/dL TP pool (tested with 5 replicates in alternating ascending and descending order). The level of significant interference was defined as the concentration (based on linear fit) where the upper 95% confidence limit for bias exceeded TAE of 3.63% [24] .

Hunsaker J.J., Wyness S.P., Snow T.M, & Genzen J.R. (2016). Clinical performance evaluation of total protein measurement by digital refractometry and characterization of non-protein solute interferences. Practical Laboratory Medicine, 6, 14-24.

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