Antibiotic susceptibility profiles of all the clinical isolates were tested against a panel of eighteen different antibiotics using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method on Muller-Hinton agar (Difco™) as per standard guidelines of CLSI [32 ]. The antimicrobial agents included ampicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, cephalexin, cefaclor, cefoxatin, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, cefepime, aztreonam, meropenem, nalidixic acid, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole, tetracycline, gentamicin, cefotaxime/ clavulanic acid and ceftazidime/clavulanic acid (BD BBL™, Oxoid™). Minimum inhibitory concentrations by broth microdilution method of the selected common antibiotics (ampicillin, cefazolin, cefoxatin, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, trimethoprim (BBI Life Sciences Corporation, Shanghai, China), amikacin, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, kanamycin and tetracycline (Amresco, OH, USA)) for the ESBL-producing E. coli were also determined in accordance with the guidelines of the CLSI [32 ]. ESBL negative quality control strain was E. coli ATCC25922, whereas, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC700603 was used as ESBL positive control strain [32 ]. Multidrug resistant isolates were those found resistant to at least three or more categories of antimicrobial agents.
Cephalexin
Manufactured by BD
Cephalexin is a broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic used in the laboratory setting. It is a bactericidal agent that interferes with bacterial cell wall synthesis, inhibiting the growth and reproduction of various bacteria.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Cefotaxime, by BD (2 mentions)
Ceftazidime, by BD (2 mentions)
Ciprofloxacin, by BD (2 mentions)
Nalidixic acid, by BD (2 mentions)
Ampicillin, by BD (2 mentions)
Cefepime, by BD (2 mentions)
Chloramphenicol, by BD (2 mentions)
Gentamicin, by BD (2 mentions)
Tetracycline, by BD (2 mentions)
Gentamicin, by Avantor (1 mentions)
Chloramphenicol, by Avantor (1 mentions)
Meropenem, by BD (1 mentions)
Aztreonam, by BD (1 mentions)
Tetracycline, by Avantor (1 mentions)
Kanamycin, by Avantor (1 mentions)
Amoxicillin clavulanic acid, by BD (1 mentions)
Cefotaxime clavulanic acid, by BD (1 mentions)
Imipenem, by BD (1 mentions)
Cefazolin, by BD (1 mentions)
Cephalothin, by BD (1 mentions)
2 protocols using cephalexin
1
Antibiotic Susceptibility Profiling of E. coli
2
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing of E. coli
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An antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed using the disc diffusion method, according to the standards and interpretive criteria described by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI, 2017 ). The following antimicrobials were used (BD Biosciences): amoxicillin-clavulanate (20/10 μg), ampicillin (10 μg), cefadroxil (30 μg), cefazolin (30 μg), cefepime (30 μg), cefotaxime (30 μg), cefoxitin (30 μg), ceftazidime (30 μg), cefuroxime (30 μg), cephalexin (30 μg), cephalothin (30 μg), chloramphenicol (30 μg), ciprofloxacin (5 μg), gentamicin (10 μg), imipenem (10 μg), nalidixic acid (30 μg), tetracycline (30 μg), and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (1.25/23.75 μg). The E. coli strain ATCC 25922 was used for quality control purposes.
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