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3 protocols using ep17 ep30

1

Comprehensive Antibody Panel for Cellular Characterization

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The antibodies used for Western blotting (WB), immunofluorescence (IF), immunohistochemistry (IHC) and flow cytometry (FC) were as follows: human and mouse Annexin A1 (WB, IF), mouse mAb clone EH17a (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, TX, USA). Human Annexin A1 (IHC), mouse mAb clone MRQ-3 (Cell Marque, Sigma Aldrich). Mouse E-cadherin (IF, IHC), mouse mAb clone E-cad/36 (BD Transduction Laboratories, BD Biosciences, Scoresby, Vic., Australia). Mouse CD24 (FACS), CD24-PE-Vio770 or CD24-APC, rat mAb clone M1/69 (Miltenyi Biotec, Macquarie Park, NSW, Australia), mouse CD44 (FACS), CD44-PE, rat mAb clone IM7.8.1 (Miltenyi Biotec), mouse Epcam/CD326 (FACS), Epcam-APC, rat mAb clone G8.8 (eBioscience, Invitrogen, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Scoresby, Vic., Australia). Mouse cytokeratin 14 (IHC), mouse mAb clone LL002 (Abcam, Melbourne, Vic, Australia). Mouse pan-cytokeratin (recognizing type II cytokeratins 1, 5, 6, and 8) (IHC), mouse mAb clone PCK-26 (Sigma-Aldrich). Mouse cytokeratins 8–18 (IHC), rabbit mAb clones EP17/EP30 (Dako, Leica Microsystems, Macquarie Park, NSW, Australia). Mouse alpha smooth muscle actin (αSma) (IF), rabbit pAb ab5694 (Abcam). Mouse Sca1 (Ly6a) (FACS), Sca1-PE, rat mAb clone D7 (Miltenyi Biotec). Mouse vimentin (IHC), rabbit pAb R28 (Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA).
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2

Histological Characterization of Intestinal Tissue

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Intestinal tissue was fixed overnight in 10% neutral buffered formalin and stored in 70% ethanol until further histologic processing. Intestinal cultures were fixed in 10% buffered formalin for 5 minutes then resuspended in 30 μL preheated Histogel (American MasterTech) and stored in ethanol as above. Specimens were embedded in paraffin and sectioned at 3 μm thickness. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were performed per standard protocol (Lahar et al. 2011 (link); Jabaji et al. 2013 (link)). Staining was done using antibodies against CD10 (56C6, Dako, Carpinteria, CA), lysozyme (ab74666, Abcam, Cambridge, MA), chromogranin A (20086, Immunostar, Hudson, WI) (Gonzalez et al. 2013 (link)), villin (1D2C3, Dako), E-cadherin (NCH-38, Dako), β-catenin (β-Catenin-1, Dako), p120-catenin (98, Ventana, Tucson, AZ), and cytokeratin 8 and 18 (EP17/EP30, Dako). Goblet cells were identified with the periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) stain (Brown et al. 1988 (link)). Porcine ISEMFs were plated in 0.95 cm2 culture wells, fixed as above, and stained with antibodies against α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA, M0851, Dako), desmin (M0760, Dako), and vimentin (ab92547, Abcam). For immunofluorescent stains, conjugated goat secondary antibody (Invitrogen) was added at 1:200 dilution and nuclei were counterstained with 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI, Invitrogen).
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3

Tumour Budding Assessment in Colorectal Cancer

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A tumour bud is defined as a single tumour cell or a cell cluster of up to four tumour cells which develops from neoplastic glands. Tb was analysed along the invasive parts of the tumour using the hotspot method, which is considered to be the most useful method for assessing Tb in colorectal cancer. 9 Initially, the invasive front of the tumour was screened using low magnification to find the areas with most Tb. For this purpose, cytokeratin 8-18 [monoclonal, clone EP17/EP30, Dako] immunohistochemistry was helpful in some challenging cases [i.e. glandular fragmentation, strong peritumoral inflammation] to allow a better visualisation of Tb-rich areas. Tb was assessed from several H&E areas, and the single field with the most budding was used for quantitation. The number of buds was counted in all cancers on H&E staining from a single field of view using ×200 total magnification [the hotspot method]. Following the International Tumour Budding Consensus Conference [ITBCC] group recommendation for colorectal cancer, we used a three-tier system: low budding [Tb1]: 0-4 buds; intermediate budding [Tb2]: 5-9 buds; and high budding [Tb3]: 10 or more buds. 9
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