γ catenin

Affinity purification using anti-FLAG agarose (Millipore Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA), glutathione-agarose (Millipore Sigma), and TALON resin (Clontech, Mountain View, CA, USA) was done as described [16 (link)–19 (link)]. Immunoblot analysis was performed using antibodies purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology [(Myc tag (9E10), sc-40; actin, sc-1616-R; dynein heavy chain, sc-9115; ß-catenin, sc-7199; γ-catenin, sc-7900; Src, sc-18; desmoplakin, sc-33555; c-Myc, sc-764; Enigma, sc-98370; Galectin 1, sc-28248; EGFR, sc-03; phosphotyrosine (PY99), sc-7020], Cell Signaling Technology (Beverly, MA, USA) [EGFR, #4267; c-Met, #3127; HER2, #2165; PKCδ, #2058; phospho-PKCδ[Y311], # 2055; CDCP1, #4115 and #13794; P-CDCP1[Y707], #13111; P-CDCP1[Y734], #9050; P-CDCP1[Y743], #13093; P-CDCP1[Y806], #13024; β1-integrin, #4706; MMP14, #13130; P-EGFR[Y845], #6963; P-EGFR[Y992], #2235; P-Src[Y416], #6943; p62, #5114; α-E-catenin, #3236], BD Transduction Laboratories (San Jose, CA, USA) [E-cadherin, 610182; plasminogen activator inhibtor-1 (PAI-1), 612024], BD Biosciences (San Jose, CA, USA) [p120 catenin, 610133], Neomarkers (Freemont, CA, USA) [cyclin D1, MS-210], EMD Millipore (Temecula, CA, USA) [anti-phosphotyrosine (4G10), 05-321], Invitrogen [desmoglein 2, 32-6100], Qiagen (Valencia, CA, USA) [anti-His₅, 34660], and Millipore Sigma [anti-FLAG (M2), F3165].

The cells were plated on glass coverslips. After 2 days, coverslips were washed once in PBS and then fixed with 4% para‐formaldehyde for 30 min at room temperature. Immunofluorescence staining of cells was carried out as previously described [24 (link)]. The following antibodies were used for IF analyses: Myc‐Tag (Millipore, catalog no. 05‐724, RRID: AB_309938), Myc‐Tag (Cell Signaling Technology, cat no. 2272, RRID: AB_10692100), LC3B (Cell Signaling Technology, cat no. 2775, RRID: AB_915950), EEA1 (Abcam, cat no. ab2900, RRID: AB_2262056), Calnexin (Cell Signaling Technology, cat no. 2679, RRID: AB_2228381), E‐cadherin (Cell Signaling Technology, cat no. 3195, RRID: AB_2291471), γ‐catenin (Cell Signaling Technology, cat no. 2309, RRID: AB_823448), COX IV (Abcam, cat no. ab16056, RRID: AB_443304), Alexa Fluor 488® goat anti‐mouse IgG (Molecular Probes, cat no. A‐11001, USA, RRID: AB_2534069), Alexa Fluor 488® goat anti‐rabbit IgG (Molecular Probes, cat no. A‐11008, RRID: AB_143165), Texas‐Red® goat anti‐mouse IgG (Thermo Fisher Scientific, cat no. T‐6390, RRID: AB_2556778), and Texas‐Red® goat anti‐rabbit IgG (Thermo Fisher Scientific, cat no. T‐6391, RRID: AB_2556779). Images were obtained on a Zeiss 710 confocal microscope at a × 63 magnification and quantified using the coloc2 package in Fiji (imagej).