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13 protocols using zenon labeling kit

1

Characterizing BRCA and PALB2 Protein Levels

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The cells were fixed and permeabilized using PerFix EXPOSE kit (Beckman Coulter) followed by staining with specific antibodies: mouse monoclonal IgG2b anti-BRCA1 (#MAB22101, R&D Systems), mouse monoclonal IgG1 anti-BRCA2 (#MAB2476, R&D Systems) and rabbit polyclonal anti-PALB2 (#A301-246, Bethyl Laboratories) conjugated with fluorochromes (Alexa Fluor-405, Alexa Fluor-488 or allophycocyanin) using Zenon labeling kit (Life Technologies). Isotype control antibodies (Abcam) were used as controls. Flow cytometry analysis was performed using LSR Fortessa (Beckton Dickinson).
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2

Immunostaining of the Placozoan Trichoplax

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T. adhaerens were left to adhere at the bottom of 35-mm plastic Petri dish filled with ASW, swiftly replaced by 4% paraformaldehyde (PFA) with Dextran in ASW for fixation (1-2 hr, RT). After brief washes in ASW followed by 0.1 M phosphate buffer pH7.4 (PB) and a 1 hr-blocking step in 3% normal goat serum (NGS) + 0.2% Triton X-100 in PB, they were incubated for 2 hr in primary antibody (antipeptide: 1 mg/mL; anti-FMRFamide (1:300; Enzo Life Sciences #BML-FA1155 or Phoenix Pharmaceuticals #H-047-29) in blocking solution. After thorough washes in PB, a 1-hr incubation in the corresponding secondary antibody coupled to a fluorophore (1:600, GAR-Alexa Fluor, Molecular Probes) and further washes in PB, they were incubated for 2 min in Hoechst (1:10,000; Molecular Probes), rinsed and mounted with Prolong-Gold (LifeTech) on glass slides. For co-labeling with antibodies raised in the same species, T. adhaerens were instead incubated 45 min in a mix of antibodies coupled to Alexa fluorophores using the Zenon labeling kit (LifeTechnologies) following the manufacturer's instructions, washed in PB, post-fixed 15 min in 4% PFA, washed again and incubated in Hoechst before being mounted on a slide. For blocking experiments, we pre-incubated the antibodies in three times excess of the respective peptides for 2 h before immunostainings.
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3

Labeling Neuronal GABAA Receptor Subunits

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Primary antibodies against extracellular epitopes of the GABAAR γ2 or β2,3 subunits (rabbit: 1:500; Synaptic Systems, Gottingen, Germany; mouse: 1:100; Millipore) were prepared in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) at the predetermined concentration. The primary antibodies were labeled with fluorescent Fab’ fragments (Zenon labeling kit; Invitrogen) according to the manufactures instructions (Zenon 647nm—rabbit and Zenon 488—mouse, respectively). At 14–18 DIV, primary hippocampal cultures were incubated for 1 hour at 37°C with the primary/Fab’ mixtures (antibodies against GABAAR γ2 or β2,3 subunits) or a primary antibody against Vesicular GABA transporter (VGAT) lumenal domain fluorescence-labeled with Oyster 488 (rabbit: 1:200; Synaptic Systems [42 (link)]). After the incubation period, the cells were gently washed three times in physiological solution ("Tyrode's", 119mM NaCl, 2.5mM KCl, 2mM CaCl2, 25mM HEPES, 30mM glucose, buffered to pH 7.4) and imaged immediately.
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4

Isolation and Identification of Lung and MLN Cells

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Lung and MLN cells were isolated from saline- and HDM-challenged WT mice by enzymatic digestion with liberase (100 ug/ml) (Roche, Indianapolis, IN) and DNase I (0.2 mg/ml)(Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) while agitated at 37° C for 25 min. Single cell suspensions were reacted with the following anti-mouse antibodies in the presence of 1% mouse serum for 30 min at RT in the dark; CD11c-APC-780, MHC-II-PE-CY7, Mar-1-eFluor® 450, CD103-APC, and PDCA-1-Alexa Fluor® 488, all from eBiosciences (San Diego, CA), as well as CD11b-Brilliant Violet 605 and CD64-PerCP-Cy5.5, both from Biolegend (San Diego, CA). The anti-rat VLDLR antibody (6A6, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA) that recognizes mouse VLDLR was conjugated with PE using a Zenon® labeling kit (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA). Following two washes, data was acquired on a LSRII (BD Biosciences, USA) flow cytometer equipped with 407, 488, 532, and 633 LASER lines using DIVA 6.1.2 software and analyzed with Flow Jo software version 9.6.4 (Treestar, San Carlos, CA). Positive staining for VLDLR was again determined using florescence minus one (FMO) for the VLDLR antibody as the control.
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5

Immunofluorescence Analysis of HEK293T and ALI Cells

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Immunofluorescence of fixed HEK293T cells and ALI cultures was carried out as previously described (8 (link), 14 (link)). Cells were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde for 20 min at room temperature, followed by blocking and permeabilization for 1 hour in 0.25% saponin, 1% BSA, 2% normal donkey serum. Antibodies directed against T1R2 and T1R3 were used with Molecular Probes Zenon labeling kit for labeling of rabbit T1R2-directed and rabbit T1R3-directed antibodies. Images were viewed at 20× (HEK293) or 60× (ALIs) on a wide-field inverted microscope (Olympus IX-83, 1.4 N.A. PlanApo objective) running Metamorph (Molecular Devices, Sunnyvale, CA). After primary antibody incubation overnight at 4°C, secondary antibody incubation was for 2 hrs at 4 °C using Molecular probes AlexaFluor 488-conjugated donkey secondary antibody to detect β-tubulin IV. For HEK293T cell immunofluorescence, T1R2 and/or T1R3 rabbit polyclonal antibodies were used with mouse monoclonal FLAG-tag-directed antibody M2 (Sigma Aldrich) or anti-HA (16B12, ab130275). Donkey secondary antibodies directed against rabbit or mouse IgG and conjugated to AlexaFluor 488 or 555 were used to visualize primary antibody staining. Images were analyzed using Metamorph, Fluoview software, and/or the FIJI (95 (link)) version of ImageJ (W. Rasband, Research Services Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD).
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6

Quantifying Autophagy Markers via Immunoblotting

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To evaluate the expression of LC3, the cells were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde. The fixed cells were stained with anti-LC3 antibodies (M152-3; MBL Co. Ltd., Nagoya, Japan). Labeling was performed with the Zenon® labeling kit (Molecular Probes, Inc., Eugene, OR, USA). A fluorescence microscope (BZ-8000; Keyence, Osaka, Japan) was used for observation.
Total protein was extracted and quantified with a protein assay (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA, USA). Equal amounts of protein were separated by 10% sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and transferred onto polyvinyl difluoride membranes (Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA). The membrane was incubated with primary antibodies for LC3 and β-actin (A5316; Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) followed with horseradish peroxidase-conjugated anti-mouse IgG (Promega, Madison, WI, USA), and enhanced chemiluminescence (ECL plus; Amersham Life Science, Amersham, UK), as per the manufacturer’s instructions.
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7

Immunofluorescence Microscopy of HHV-8 Proteins

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Immunofluorescence microscopy was done on HHV-8-infected or uninfected cells by using an anti-mouse MAb directed against ORF-K8.1A/B (ABI) as previously described (12 (link)). Briefly, cells were counted, spotted onto poly-l-lysine-coated slides, fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde for 20 min, and permeabilized with buffer for 20 min at room temperature. Cells were incubated with the K8.1A/B MAb directly conjugated with phycoerythrin or Texas Red by using a Zenon labeling kit (Molecular Probes). Cells were also stained by direct immunofluorescence with an FITC-conjugated anti-CD209 MAb (clone 120507; R&D Systems) or anti-CD207 (clone DCGM4 or clone 343828). To avoid nonspecific binding of IgG, a blocking step was added by using SuperBlock blocking buffer (Pierce). Uninfected cells and cells stained with isotype controls were used as controls. Cells were visualized at a ×60 magnification with a Nikon Eclipse E600 microscope.
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8

Immunohistochemical Analysis of Vaccine Antigens

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Skin biopsies were performed 24 hours post-injection and embedded in optimal cutting temperature compound (OCT) and frozen in liquid nitrogen. Ten micrometer sections were fixed in 4% of Paraformaldehyde (PFA) for 15 min at room temperature. Tissue was permeabilized with Triton X-100 (0.3%), Bovine serum albumin (BSA) (1%) and goat serum (1%). Skin sections were incubated overnight at 4 °C with 10 µg/ml of anti-GFP-AF488 Ab (Invitrogen, France) or anti-p24 Ab (kind gift from B. Verrier, UMR 5086 CNRS/UCBL, Lyon, France) to detect the expression of vaccine antigens in animals injected with the auxo-GTU®-Luc-EGFP or the auxo-GTU®-multiHIV plasmid, respectively. For keratinocyte staining, an additional incubation for 2 hours was performed with an anti-cytokeratin Ab (clone AE1/AE3, Dako, France). Purified antibodies were labeled with the Zenon® labeling kit (Molecular Probes, Invitrogen). The cell nucleus was stained with 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) or Propidium Iodide (Invitrogen, France).
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9

Immunocytochemical Analysis of Glial Cells

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Mixed glial cells prepared from neonatal Wistar rat brains (P1) were plated on eight‐well Lab‐Tek chamber slides (Nalge Nunc International) and cultured for 10 days. Rat type 1 MG, type 2 MG, and peritoneal Mφ were plated on the chamber slides and cultured for 1 day. The cells were then incubated with 9F5 (1 µg ml−1; mouse IgG1), rabbit anti‐Iba1 (2.5 µg ml−1; Wako), or the isotype matched controls. Alexa Fluor 488‐ or 594‐labeled second antibody (1:500; Molecular Probes) was used. For double‐staining with 9F5 and anti‐lysosomal‐associated membrane protein‐1 (LAMP‐1; 1 µg ml−1; Ly1C6, mouse IgG1;Stressgen Bioreagents), the Zenon labeling kit (Molecular Probes) was used. Stained cells were observed with a confocal laser scanning microscope (Fluoview, Olympus).
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10

Immunofluorescent Staining of Brain Tissue

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After incubation with 0.1% sodium cyanoborohydride and 0.3 M glycine (Sigma-Aldrich), fixed brain slides were incubated with primary antibody for 1 hour at RT. Then, slides were washed in buffer with 0.05% Tween and stained with an AlexaFluor antimouse secondary antibody (Molecular Probes, Eugene, OR) for 30 minutes at RT. Incubation was performed in buffer with 10% normal human serum. For double staining, the second primary antibody was either detected with Alexa-Fluor antibody (for rabbit anti-glial fibrillary acidic protein [GFAP]) or directly labeled to an AlexaFluor using a Zenon labeling kit (Molecular Probes, for mouse anti-CD68 and anti-NeuN mAbs). Slides were washed with buffer and incubated with 0.3% Sudan Black B (Sigma-Aldrich) to prevent background fluorescence by lipids. Nucleus staining was performed with DAPI (4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole; Life Technologies, Schiphol-Rijk), and the slides were embedded with Vectashield (Vector laboratories, Burlingame, CA). We used a fluorescence (Zeiss Axioplan 2) and confocal laser-scanning (Leica TCS SP2) microscope to analyze the cells.
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