Ethanol, mEthanol, Na2CO3, aluminum chloride, potassium acetate, and carbon tetrachloride were of reagent grade and obtained from BDH (New Delhi, India). Reagents for the determination of biochemical indices were obtained from Elitech (Paris, France). All other reagents were of analytical grade.
Ethanol
Manufactured by BD
Sourced in United Kingdom
Ethanol is a colorless, flammable liquid that is commonly used in various laboratory applications. It is a versatile solvent with a wide range of uses in scientific research and experiments.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Methanol, by BD (4 mentions)
Sodium hydroxide (naoh), by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Quercetin, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Gallic acid, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Ethyl acetate, by BD (3 mentions)
Formic acid, by BD (3 mentions)
Sodium hydroxide (naoh), by BD (3 mentions)
Acetonitrile, by BD (3 mentions)
Hydrochloric acid (hcl), by BD (3 mentions)
Aluminum chloride, by BD (2 mentions)
Sulfuric acid, by BD (2 mentions)
2 2 diphenyl 1 picrylhydrazyl (dpph), by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Rutin, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Automatic tlc sampler 4, by CAMAG (2 mentions)
Chloroform, by BD (2 mentions)
Cats 4, by CAMAG (2 mentions)
Tlc reprostar 3, by CAMAG (2 mentions)
Sulphuric acid, by BD (2 mentions)
Nitric acid, by BD (2 mentions)
Trichloroacetic acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
17 protocols using ethanol
1
Biochemical Reagent Preparation Protocol
2
Phytochemical Extraction and Characterization
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Chemicals and materials used in this study were of analytical grade namely; 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (Sigma Aldrich, Germany, D9132), Gallic acid (Sigma Aldrich, Germany, G7384), Quercetin (Sigma Aldrich, Germany), Folin Ciocalteau phenol reagent (Sigma Aldrich, Germany, F9252), Aluminum chloride (BDH, England,101084), potassium acetate (Sigma Aldrich, Germany, 791733-500G), sulfuric acid (38308-1EA), Ethanol (BDH, England, BDH1156-4LP), phenolphthalein (Sigma Aldrich, 74760-100ML), sodium hydroxide (Sigma Aldrich, 38227 1EA), hexane (Sigma Aldrich, Germany, C100307-2.5L) Boric acid (Sigma Aldrich, Germany,38750-1EA), Hydrochloric (Sigma Aldrich, Germany, 382801EA), Whatman No.1 filter paper (28413923) supplied by Finlab Nigeria Limited and Equilab Business solution Limited Nigeria.
3
Phytochemical Profiling of Rhus Species
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Sakuranetin (Biomarker; purity: ≥95%), rutin (antioxidant standard; purity: ≥94%), Tween_40, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), β-carotene, linoleic acid were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (USA). In addition, the AR grade toluene, ethyl acetate, chloroform, ethanol were procured from BDH (UK) and HPLC grade methanol were procured form Merck (Germany) where, glass-backed silica gel 60F254 plate was also procured for the HPTLC analysis. Furthermore, CAMAG Automatic TLC Sampler-4 (Switzerland) was used to apply the Sakuranetine and the Rhus extracts (RRCE, RREE, RTCE and RTEE), band wise to the chromatographic plates and development of the plate was carried out in automatic development chamber (ADC2) (Switzerland). The developed HPTLC plates were then scanned and documented by CATS 4 (CAMAG) and TLC Reprostar 3 (CAMAG), respectively.
4
Spectrophotometric Dye Removal Optimization
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The indole (C8H7N, >99%), sodium dodecyl sulfate (CH3(CH2)11OSO3Na, >95%), benzoyl peroxide (C14H10O4, >98%), Malachite Green (C23H25N2·C2HO4·0.5C2H2O4, >99%), sodium hydroxide (NaOH, >99.8%), hydrochloric acid (HCl, 37%), and activated carbon (AC, 98%) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Chloroform (CHCl3, >99%) and ethanol (C2H5OH, >99%) were obtained from BDH(Poole, UK). Phosphoric acid (H3PO4, 85%) and perchloric acid (HClO4, >70%) used in the experiment were borrowed from Scharlau (Barcelona, CAT, Spain). Malachite Green stock solution (1 g L−1) was prepared by dissolving an accurately weighed amount of dye in deionized water, and the desired working concentrations were prepared using the stock solution. All these research grade chemicals were used as received without any further processing.
5
Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing Protocol
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Mueller-Hinton broth (MHB) was purchased from Scharlau (Barcelona, Spain), while LB agar was bought from Invitrogen (USA). Nine antibiotics, including cefoxitin (FOX), cefepime (CPM), aztreonam (AZT), ceftazidime (CAZ), cefotaxime (CTC), ciprofloxacin (CIP), meropenem (MEM), imipenem (IMI), and ampicillin (AMP) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Gillingham, UK), except for AMP which was bought from USB (Cleveland, OH, USA). Acetic acid and ethanol were purchased from BDH (Prolabo, UK) and Scharlau (Barcelona, Spain), respectively. TAE 10X buffer was obtained from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA). Distilled water was generated using Milli-Q® IQ 7005 Purification System (Millipore SAS, Molsheim, France) and was used throughout this study.
6
Synthesis of Metal-Halide Complexes
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Cobalt nitrate hexahydrate (Co(NO3)2·6H2O, 98% purity), nickel nitrate hexahydrate (Ni(NO3)2·6H2O, 99.999% purity), potassium iodide (KI, ≥99.0% purity), potassium hydroxide (KOH, ≥85% purity), iodine (I2, ≥99.99% purity) and NH3 solution (25% purity) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich. Methanol (≥99.8% purity) and ethanol 85–87% purity) were obtained from BDH. All chemicals were used as received without further purification.
7
Stainless Steel Coupon Preparation
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Fine polished (FP) 304 grade stainless steel coupons (10 mm × 10 mm) were used in the assays. Coupons were washed thoroughly by sequentially putting the coupons into beakers each containing either acetone, methanol or ethanol (BDH, UK) for 10 min with a sterile water wash in between each, and for the final step. The washed coupons were air dried and stored in sealed plastic containers at room temperature until used.
8
Analytical Standards for Pharmaceutical Validation
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Primary analytical reference standards with purity ≥ 99% of ciprofloxacin (CPF), trimethoprim (TMP), sulphamethoxazole (SMZ), metronidazole (MTZ), amoxicillin (AMX), clavulanic acid (CLA), flucloxacillin (FCX), cefuroxime (CFX), arthemether (ART), lumefantrine (LUM), mebendazole (MBZ), albendazole (ALB), ferrous ammonium citrate (FAC), vitamin B1 (VB1), vitamin B3 (VB3), vitamin B6 (VB6), folic acid (FLA), griseofulvin (GFV), paracetamol (PCM), and ibuprofen (IBF) were obtained from the Food and Drugs Authority, Ghana. Analytical grade solvents including sodium hydroxide (BDH, UK), formic acid, methanol, chloroform acetic acid, glacial acetic acid (BDH, UK), ethanol, acetonitrile, ammonium hydroxide reagent ACS, sulphuric acid, ethyl acetate, holmium perchlorate, and potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate (BDH, UK) were used.
9
Preparation of Phosphate Buffers and Chemical Reagents
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Sodium hydroxide (NaOH), sulfuric acid (H2SO4), copper sulfate (CuSO4.5H2O), potassium sulfate (K2SO4), hydrochloric acid (HCl), pepsin, petroleum ether, and ethanol were from BDH and used without further purification. Phosphate buffers (pH 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14) were prepared by mixing proper amount of 0.1 M disodium hydrogen phosphate and 0.1 M Sodium hydroxide.
10
Preparing Arsenic Batch Sorption Experiments
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For the preparation of stock and sub-stock solutions, sodium arsenite (NaAs III O 2 ; 99%) salt and deionized water were used, and 100 mg L -1 stock solution of As(III) was prepared to prepare working As(III) solutions for batch experiments. A 0.1 M hydrochloric acid (HCl; 35%) or sodium hydroxide (NaOH; 95%) was used to adjust the pH of the solution as required (Shakoor et al. 2019) (link). All the chemicals used were of analytical grade (Sigma-Aldrich) for batch sorption experiments. Other chemical reagents, such as sodium chloride (NaCl; 99%), nitric acid (HNO 3 ; 69%), ethanol (C 2 H 6 O; 99%) (BDH), and thiourea (CH 2 N 2 S; 99%) (Merck), were used as received without further purification. The plasticware and glassware were used after washing with tap water followed by soaking in 1% HNO 3 and rinsing two times with deionized water.
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