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Anti rad51

Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United Kingdom, Morocco

Anti-RAD51 is a laboratory reagent used in scientific research. It is a monoclonal antibody that specifically binds to the RAD51 protein, which is involved in DNA repair processes. The core function of Anti-RAD51 is to detect and quantify the presence of RAD51 in biological samples, enabling researchers to study the role of RAD51 in various cellular processes.

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20 protocols using anti rad51

1

BRCA1 and RAD51 Localization in DNA Damage

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ID8-luc cells grown on glass coverslips were pretreated for 6 h with the known inducer of double-strand DNA breaks, cisplatin (0.5 µM; Sigma-Aldrich). The cells were then washed with PBS, and treated with vehicle, panobinostat, olaparib or panobinostat/olaparib for 24 h as described above. Following cessation of drug treatment, the cells were fixed, stained with mouse monoclonal anti-BRCA1 (1:100 MilliporeSigma, Burlington, MA) or rabbit polyclonal anti-RAD51 (1:100 MilliporeSigma), with acquisition and analysis of fluorescent images as previously described [39] (link).
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2

Immunofluorescence Imaging of DNA Damage Markers

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Cells were seeded on coverslips and subjected to the indicated treatments. On the last day, cells were washed in PBS and fixed with 3.7% formaldehyde for 10’. Cells were then permeabilized for 5’ and blocked for 20’ with 10%PBS-BSA at RT. Primary antibodies were diluted in 3%PBS-BSA and incubated for 2 hours at RT. Coverslips were then washed three times 5’ with PBS followed by 1-hour incubation at RT with a secondary antibody (Alexafluor 488, 1:600). Coverslips were washed three times with PBS and then mounted with DAPI on microscope slides. Images were acquired using a Leica DMi8 inverted fluorescent microscope with a 63x objective. Statistical analysis was performed using Prism (GraphPad Software). Statistical significance was determined by two tailed t-test. The following primary antibodies were used: anti-53BP1 (Novusbio; #NB100–304), anti-BrdU (BD Biosciences; #347580), anti-RAD51 (Millipore Sigma; #PC130), anti-H2AX-pS139 (Millipore Sigma; #JBN301). The secondary antibodies used were Goat anti-Mouse 488 IgG-HRP (Thermo Fisher Scientific; #A11001) and Donkey anti-Rabbit 568 IgG-HRP (Thermo Fisher Scientific; #A10042).
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3

Protein Expression Analysis by Western Blotting

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Total cell lysates were separated in 10% sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Proteins were transferred onto a nitrocellulose membrane, blocked with 5% nonfat milk for one hour at room temperature, and probed with a primary antibody overnight at 4°C. Primary antibodies used included anti‐LC3 (1:5000 dilution, Sigma), anti‐Rad51, anti‐Ku70/80, anti‐glyceraldehyde 3‐phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH; 1:1000, 1:500, and 1:1000 dilutions, respectively; Abcam, Cambridge, UK), and γ‐H2AX (1:1000 dilution, Cell Signaling Technologies, Danvers, MA, USA). The membranes were incubated with horseradish peroxidase‐conjugated secondary antibody at a dilution of 1:2000 for one hour at room temperature. Protein bands were visualized using ECL Western Blotting Detection Reagents (Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA) and exposed to an ECL Plus film (GE Healthcare, Piscataway, NJ, USA).
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4

Protein Extraction and Western Blot

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Preparation of samples: total cell protein extracts were separated by 10% sodium dodecyl sulfate- polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and blotted onto polyvinylidene difluoride membranes (PVDF, Thermo Fisher Scientific). Anti-ß-actin antibody (AC-15) was purchased from Sigma, anti-rad51 (#8875), anti-rad52 (#3425), anti-p21 (#2947) and anti-p-H2AX (#9718) from Cell Signaling Technology, and anti-p53 (DO-1) from Thermo Fisher Scientific and anti-MVP (#ALX-801–005) from Enzo Life Science. Secondary anti-mouse (#7076) and anti-rabbit (#7074) horseradish peroxidase-labeled antibodies were obtained from Cell Signaling Technologies.
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5

Immunoblotting of DNA Repair Proteins

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For the immunoblots of site-specific crosslinking experiments: anti-Rad51 (Rb 1:10,000; provided by Hiroshi Iwasaki); anti-Sfr1 (Rb 1:5,000; provided by Hiroshi Iwasaki). For the immunoblots of cellular proteins: anti-MYC (Rb 1:1,000; Sigma Aldrich C3956), anti-Rad51 (Rat 1:10,000; provided by Hiroshi Iwasaki), and anti-tubulin (Mu 1:10,000; Sigma Aldrich T5168). For the detection of Sfr1 in the Affi-gel assay: anti-Sfr1 (Rb 1:5,000; provided by Hiroshi Iwasaki). For IP of Rad51 complexes, anti-Rad51 (Rb; provided by Hiroshi Iwasaki) was used, and for detection by immunoblotting: anti-Rad51 (Rat 1:10,000; provided by Hiroshi Iwasaki), anti-Sfr1 (Mu 1–5 and 76–80, 1:1000 each; provided by Hiroshi Iwasaki), anti-Rad55 (1:5,000; provided by Hiroshi Iwasaki), and anti-Rad57 (1:5,000; provided by Hiroshi Iwasaki). For IP of Rad57 complexes, anti-Rad57 (Rb; provided by Hiroshi Iwasaki) antibody was used.
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6

In vitro Co-immunoprecipitation Assay

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In vitro co-immunoprecipitation assays were performed as follows. Each protein (0.5 µg) as indicated was mixed in 10 µl buffer (25 mM Tris-OAc [pH 7.5], 100 mM KCl, 0.5% NP40, 3 mM Mg-acetate) for 10 min at room temperature followed 20 min at 4°C. To these samples were added M2 FLAG tag antibodies in 90 µl buffer, and the mixtures were incubated for 1 h at 4°C. Dynabeads Protein G (Invitrogen) were then added, and the samples were incubated for 1 h incubation at 4°C. Immunocomplexes were washed three times with 200 µl buffer, and bead-bound proteins were eluted with SDS loading buffer and subjected to 10% SDS-PAGE. Protein complexes were detected by western blotting using anti-Rad51, anti-Sfr1, or anti-M2 antibody (Sigma).
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7

Comprehensive Antibody Staining Protocol

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Anti JMJD6 (Santa Cruz, sc28349), anti UBF (Bethyl, A301-859A), anti histone H3 (Abcam, Ab1791), anti BrdU (Sigma, B2531), anti gamma H2AX (Cell signaling, 9718(20E3)), anti GAPDH (Chemicon, MAb374), anti myc (Santa Cruz, sc-40), anti Treacle (Santa Cruz, sc374536), anti V5 (Cell Signaling, 12032), anti NBS1 (Sigma, PLA0179), anti phospho ATM (S1981) (Cell signaling, 10H11.E12).Anti Rad51 (Millipore, PC130), Anti RPA S33 (Bethyl, A306-246A-T)
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8

Immunofluorescence Assay of Ovarian Cancer Cells

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Following drug treatment, OVCAR-3 and SKOV-3 ovarian cancer cells were fixed, permeabilized and stained with mouse monoclonal anti-phospho H2AX (Ser139) (pH2AX) (EMD Millipore, Billerica, MA), rabbit polyclonal anti-RAD51 (Millipore), or rabbit monoclonal anti-cleaved caspase-3 (Cell Signaling Technology, Beverly, MA) as described [17 (link)]. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) for anti-Ki-67/mib-1 and cleaved caspase-3 in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumors, secondary antibodies for immunofluorescence (IF) and IHC, and image acquisition and analysis was as previously described [17 (link)].
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9

PARP Inhibitor and HDAC Inhibitor Effects

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In cells treated with olaparib (10μM), SAHA (1μM), or the combination, whole cell protein isolation, hydrochloric acid extraction of histones, Western Blotting and signal detection were performed as described [23 (link), 31 (link)]. Antibodies used were anti-RAD51 (Millipore), anti-BRCA1 (Millipore), anti-PARP (Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA), anti-cleaved caspase-3 (Cell Signaling), and anti-phospho H2AX (Ser139) (Millipore, Billerica, MA). Loading controls were anti-histone H3 (Millipore) and β-actin (Sigma) for histones and total proteins, respectively.
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10

Homologous Recombination Assay in Ovarian Cancer

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Following drug treatment and/or transient transfection with the HR reporter plasmid pDRGFP and endonuclease encoding pCBASce1 (I-Sce1) (both gifts from Maria Jasin; Addgene plasmids #26475 and #26477, respectively) [27 (link), 28 (link)] plasmids using Lipofectamine 2000 according to manufacturer’s instructions (Invitrogen Corp., Carlsbad, CA), ovarian cancer cells were fixed, permeabilized and visualized for GFP expression, or stained with mouse monoclonal anti-phospho(p)-H2AX (Ser139) (pH2AX) (Millipore, Billerica, MA), rabbit polyclonal anti-RAD51 (Millipore), and rabbit polyclonal anti-cleaved caspase-3 (Cell Signaling Technology, Beverly, MA) as described [19 (link)]. Secondary antibodies, and image acquisition and analysis was as described [19 (link)].
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