Software 17

Data are presented as mean ± SD. There was no patient excluded due to the lack of data in our analysis. The diagnostic performance of the DL algorithm and observers was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis and pairwise comparisons of the area under the ROC curve (AUC) according to the DeLong method^{21 (link)}. Survival was estimated by means of the Kaplan–Meier method with the log-rank test. A median value of Hilmus (cutoff value: 104 mm) in CXR images was used to divide groups for the Kaplan–Meier analysis. Statistical analysis was performed using standard statistical software packages (SPSS software 21.0; SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL, USA, and MedCalc Software 17; Mariakerke, Belgium). Statistical significance was defined by p < 0.05.

The continuous variables were expressed as mean ± SD of the normal distribution, while the non-normal continuous variables were expressed as median (interquartile range). Wilcoxon W test or Kruskal Wallis test was used to assess the differences among groups. We performed a univariate logistic regression analysis to evaluate the correlation between EIPH and clinical variables, laboratory data, echocardiographic data, and probability of PH calculated by the AI model. The independence of the association between the variables was tested using multiple logistic regression analysis. The predictive performance was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis and pairwise comparisons of the AUC according to the DeLong method (16 (link)). To evaluate the effectiveness of the AI model to predict EIPH, two models were constructed and compared using ROC curve analysis. Model 1, the basic model, consisted of age, gender, blood pressure and mean PAP at rest, while Model 2 included the variables in model 1 plus the probability of PH calculated using the AI algorithm. The statistical analyses were performed using standard statistical software packages (SPSS software 21.0; SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, United States and MedCalc Software 17; Mariakerke, Belgium). Statistical significance was defined as a p-value < 0.05.