Continuous recordings of blood pressure (BP), ECG, heart rate (HR), and respiratory frequency (RF) were performed (PowerLab, ADInstruments, Colorado Springs, CO, USA). These parameters were acquired, amplified, and filtered at 1 kHz (Neurology, Digitimer, Welwyn Garden City, UK; PowerLab, ADInstruments, Colorado Springs, CO, USA). A baseline recording of 10 min was taken for basal physiological assessment before baro and chemoreceptor reflexes stimulation. Each stimulus was separated by at least 3 min.
Neurology
Manufactured by Digitimer
Sourced in United Kingdom
The Neurology product line from Digitimer offers specialized lab equipment for neurological research and clinical applications. These products are designed to facilitate the measurement, analysis, and monitoring of neural activity and function. The core function of the Neurology product line is to provide researchers and clinicians with reliable and accurate tools to support their work in the field of neuroscience.
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4 protocols using neurology
1
Comprehensive Physiological Monitoring Protocol
2
Basal Autonomic Function Assessment
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BP, ECG, heart rate, and respiratory frequency were continuously recorded (PowerLab, ADInstruments, Colorado Springs, CO, USA) and acquired, amplified, and filtered at 1 kHz (Neurology, Digitimer, Welwyn Garden City, UK; PowerLab, ADInstruments, Colorado Springs, CO, USA). For basal autonomic evaluation, a baseline recording of 10 min was obtained. There was an interval of at least 3 min between each stimulation.
3
Cardiovascular Reflexes in Anesthetized Animals
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Animals were anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital (60 mg/kg, IP). The levels of anesthesia were maintained with a 20% solution (v/v) of the same anesthetic after assessing the withdrawal response. Rectal temperature was maintained through a homoeothermic blanket (Harvard Apparatus, Cambourne, UK). The trachea was cannulated below the larynx to record tracheal pressure. The femoral artery and vein were cannulated for blood pressure (BP) monitoring and injection of saline and drugs, respectively. The electrocardiogram (ECG) was recorded from subcutaneous electrodes placed into three limbs, and the heart rate was derived from the ECG recording (Neurology, Digitimer, Welwyn Garden City, UK).
The right carotid artery was cannulated, and chemoreceptors were stimulated by lobeline injection (0.2 mL, 25 µg/mL, Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA). Baroreflexes were stimulated by phenylephrine injection (0.2 mL, 25 µg/mL, Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA) in the femoral vein [29 (link),30 (link),31 (link)]. At the end of the above-mentioned acute experience, the animal was sacrificed with an overdose of anesthetic. The heart was then removed and placed in 4% paraformaldehyde (Sigma-Aldrich) at 4 °C for further histological studies.
The right carotid artery was cannulated, and chemoreceptors were stimulated by lobeline injection (0.2 mL, 25 µg/mL, Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA). Baroreflexes were stimulated by phenylephrine injection (0.2 mL, 25 µg/mL, Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA) in the femoral vein [29 (link),30 (link),31 (link)]. At the end of the above-mentioned acute experience, the animal was sacrificed with an overdose of anesthetic. The heart was then removed and placed in 4% paraformaldehyde (Sigma-Aldrich) at 4 °C for further histological studies.
4
Assessing Cardiovascular Responses in Anesthetized Animals
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After behavioural and metabolic evaluation, animals were anaesthetized with sodium pentobarbital (60 mg/kg, IP). Anaesthesia levels were maintained using a 20% solution (v/v) of the same anaesthetic after assessing the withdrawal response. A homoeothermic blanket (Harvard Apparatus, Cambourne, UK) was used to keep the rectal temperature stable. To measure tracheal pressure, the trachea was cannulated below the larynx and the respiratory frequency (RF) was calculated from the measured pressure. The femoral artery and vein were cannulated to monitor blood pressure (BP) and inject saline and drugs, respectively. The electrocardiogram (ECG) was assessed using subcutaneous electrodes in three limbs, and the heart rate was calculated using the ECG data (Neurology, Digitimer, Welwyn Garden City, UK).
The right carotid artery was catheterized, and chemoreceptors were stimulated with lobeline (0.2 mL, 25 g/mL, Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA) [51 (link)]. A phenylephrine injection (0.2 mL, 25 g/mL, Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA) in the femoral vein was used to stimulate the baroreflexes [32 (link),48 (link),51 (link)].
Blood lead levels (BLL) were determined from the venous blood using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer (Shimadzu, Model no. AA 7000, Kyoto, Japan).
The right carotid artery was catheterized, and chemoreceptors were stimulated with lobeline (0.2 mL, 25 g/mL, Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA) [51 (link)]. A phenylephrine injection (0.2 mL, 25 g/mL, Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA) in the femoral vein was used to stimulate the baroreflexes [32 (link),48 (link),51 (link)].
Blood lead levels (BLL) were determined from the venous blood using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer (Shimadzu, Model no. AA 7000, Kyoto, Japan).
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