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27 protocols using opus 5

1

FTIR Analysis of Protein Secondary Structure

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FTIR was performed with a Jasco FT/IR6200 spectrometer (JASCO, Tokyo, Japan) equipped with a MIRacle attenuated total reflection (ATR) Ge crystal cell in reflection mode. For each sample, 32 scans of 4 cm−1 resolution were coadded and Fourier transformed using a Blackman- Harris apodization function. The amide I region (1585 to 1720 cm−1 ) was deconvoluted and peak fitted using Opus 5.0 software (Bruker, Billerica, MA) to characterize the secondary structure content (side chains, β-sheet, random coil, a-helix and β-turns) as previously described.41 –43 (link) The relative contributions of the secondary structure to the C=O stretch were quantified. Briefly, the FTIR spectra obtained from the instrument were cut and baselined between 1750 and 1150 cm−1, Fourier self-deconvoluted between 1720 and 1585 cm−1 using a bandwidth of 27.5 cm−1, noise reduction of 0.3 and a Lorentzian line shape, then baselined again between 1710 and 1585 cm−1 and the peaks corresponding to a local minimum in the second derivative were curve fitted using a Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm and local least-square analysis. The relative peak areas were assigned to different secondary structure contributions based on the peak locations and reported as a percentage of the total peak area.
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2

Characterization of Modified Silk Biomaterials

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1H NMR was performed using an Advance III NMR (Bruker BioSpin, Billerica, MA) operating at 500 MHz and equipped with Topspin Software (version 2.1 Bruker). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was performed using a FT/IR-6200 Spectrometer (Jasco, Japan) that was equipped with a triglycine sulfate detector and run in attenuated total reflection (ATR) mode. Fourier self-deconvolution (FSD) of the infrared spectra covering the Amide I region (1595–1705 cm−1) was performed with Opus 5.0 software (Bruker Optics, Billerica, MA). Quantification of catechol conjugation and cell proliferation on the modified silks was achieved using chemical assays coupled to absorbance and fluorescence measurements obtained using a SpectraMax M2 plate reader (Molecular Devices, Sunnyvale, CA). Adhesion tests were performed on an Instron 3366 testing frame equipped with a 100 N load cell (Norwood, MA).
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Silk Fibroin FTIR Structural Analysis

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The physical structure of the silk reservoirs with or without cisplatin were evaluated using FTIR Spectroscopy (JASCO FTIR 6200 spectrometer, Jasco, USA) and β-sheet crystalline fractions was determined as described previously32 . Before all sample measurements, background was collected. The amide I region (1605 – 1705 cm−1) of silk fibroin was deconvoluted using OPUS 5.0 software (Bruker Optics, USA) fourier self deconvolution method with Lorentzian line. Side chains (1605–1615 cm−1), beta sheets (1622–1637 cm−1), random coils (1638–1655 cm−1), alfa helixes (1656–1662 cm−1) and turns (1663–1696 cm−1) were described for each formulation. IBM SPSS Statistics 22 Software (New York, USA) was used to perform One Way ANOVA for statistical analysis (p<0.05) of the FTIR results.
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4

Structural Analysis of Drug-Loaded Silk Wafers

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The structural features of the wafers with drug were evaluated using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy (JASCO FTIR 6200 spectrometer, Jasco, USA) and β-sheet content was determined as described previously [26 ]. OPUS 5.0 software (Bruker Optics, USA) was employed to deconvolute the amide I region (1605 − 1705 cm-1) for silk fibroin using the Fourier Self Deconvolution method with Lorentzian line, half bandwidth of 27cm−1 and a noise reduction factor of 0.3. IBM SPSS Statistics 22 Software (New York, USA) was used to perform One Way ANOVA for statistical analysis (p<0.05) of the FTIR results.
Drug loading efficiency was calculated to estimate the amount of etoposide in the formulations. Following in vitro release studies, the wafers were dissolved in 9.3 M lithium bromide solution and residual etoposide amount was quantified using ultraviolet/visible light spectroscopy (SpectraMax M2e, Molecular Devices, Sunnyvale, CA, USA). Absorbance values of the samples were read at 285 nm and blank silk wafer samples were used for background correction of silk. Total entrapped drug was calculated by adding the maximum released amount of drug and the residual amount of etoposide. The loading efficiency percentages were calculated in comparison with the theoretical drug amount per wafer.
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FTIR Analysis of Lyophilized EMS2 and EMS2/IONP Spheres

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EMS2 and EMS2/IONP spheres were lyophilized, mixed with potassium bromide and then the blended powder was pressed under pressure to form a tablet-shape pellet. The pellets were analyzed with a Bruker Equinox 55/S FTIR spectrometer (Bruker Corp, Fremont, CA). Absorption spectra were obtained from the average of 512 scans with a resolution of 2 cm-1 within a wavenumber range of 400 to 4000 cm-1. The analysis of spectra was performed with Opus 5.0 software (Bruker Corp. Fremont, CA). The elements of secondary structure were assigned to the amide I band components: 1605–1615 cm-1 tyrosine side chains, 1616–1637 cm-1 and 1697–1705 cm-1 –beta sheets, 1638–1655 cm-1 random coils, 1665–1662 cm-1 helices, 1663–1696 cm-1 turns, according to previously described data [40 (link)]. The analysis was performed 1, 7 and 14 days after spheres preparation. The experiment was repeated three times.
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6

FTIR Analysis of GA's Effect on Cancer Cells

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Studying the effect of GA on cell lines by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis Cancer cell coated IR Low-e slides (Kevley Technologies, Chesterland, OH) were prepared by adding Low-e slides to each well in a cell culture plate. Then, cell line M214 was cultured according to the above method. GA was added at the IC 50 concentration. After 12 hr, the slides were collected and gently washed twice with 0.85% sodium chloride. The slides were air-dried and kept in a desiccator prior to FTIR microscopic analysis (Bruker Optik GmbH, Ettlingen, Germany). The cancer cell coated Low-e slides were placed under the microscope objective and IR spectra were recorded in reflection mode from 4000 to 400 cm -1 at a spectral resolution of 4 cm -1 . Spectra from all of the samples were extracted using the macro converter in the OPUS5.5 software Bruker Optik GmbH, Ettlingen, Germany) prior to multivariate data analysis using the Unscrambler® 9.7 software (Camo Inc., Oslo, Norway). Approximately 50 representative spectra from each sample were pretreated by performing the second derivative, which was carried out by applying the Savitzky-Golay algorithm with 13 smoothed data points and normalized with Extended Multiplicative Signal Correction (EMSC). Pretreated spectra were then analyzed by principle component analysis (PCA) to distinguish between the control and GA-treated cells.
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7

Spectral Data Preprocessing Pipeline

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Pixel spectra were extracted from specific regions of interest of the IR images, smoothed (Savitsky–Golay, 7 points), baseline-corrected (elastic), vector-normalized, and offset-corrected using the OPUS 5.5 software (Bruker Optics, Ettlingen, Germany).
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8

Polyphenol Removal and FTIR Analysis

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To remove unbound polyphenols, fibrillated samples were centrifuged (13,000 rpm for 15 min), supernatants discarded, and the pellet resuspended in the same volume of milliQ water. 2 µL was dried under a stream of nitrogen and spectra recorded on a Tensor 27 FTIR spectrophotometer (Bruker, Billerica, Massachusetts, USA) with a DTGS (deuterated tri-glycine sulfate) Midinfrared detector and Golden Gate single reflection diamond attenuated total reflectance cell (Specac, Kent, UK). Baseline correlation, atmospheric compensation, and second derivative of curves were carried out with OPUS 5.5 software (Bruker, Billerica, Massachusetts, USA).
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9

FTIR Analysis of Insulation Fiber

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To investigate the fibre type of the commercial insulating materials (PET and CEL/PET), the Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectra analysis was accomplished under the Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) mode using Vertex 70 (Bruker Optik GmbH, Rudolf-Prank-Strabe, Ettlingen, Germany) spectrometer with a scan resolution of 4 cm−1 and 32 scans per sample between 400 and 4000 cm−1. Data were collected after baseline correction by OPUS 5.5 software (Bruker Optik GmbH, Rudolf-Prank-Strabe, Ettlingen, Germany).
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10

Surface Characterization of Functionalized Microfibers

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For the Au-PS fibers, attenuated total reflectance (ATR)/Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to identify the presence of the carboxyl-surface functionalization of the microfibers. FTIR was done using a Jasco 4200 spectrometer equipped with a Specac Golden Gate ATR device, at a resolution of 4 cm -1 and an accumulation of 100 spectra, in the 4000-600 cm -1 wavenumber region.
Raman spectroscopy was used to characterize the presence of phosphate groups on the β-TCP-PS microfibers. Analysis were performed on a Senterra microscope with a 523 nm excitation laser wavelength, excitation power of 50 mW and 3-5 cm -1 resolution. The OPUS 5.5 software (Bruker optic, Ettlingen) was used to collect the spectra. The final spectra were obtained by averaging five scans acquired during 40 s.
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