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5 protocols using alexa fluor 488 conjugated chicken anti mouse igg

1

Quantitative LDL Internalization Assay

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Culture medium was changed 24 hours after transfection start for Opti-MEM medium with 2.5 μg/mL DiI-LDL (Invitrogen), and internalization was stimulated for 3 hours at 37 °C. Cells were first briefly washed with imaging medium (Opti-MEM without phenol red, containing 30 mmol/L N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N′-2-ethanesulfonic acid and 0.5 g/L NaHCO3 [pH 7.4])/0.2% bovine serum albumin (Invitrogen) then noninternalized LDL was removed from plasma membrane with acidic wash (imaging medium pH 3.5) for 30 seconds. Cells were then fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde and counterstained for LDLR on plasma membrane (Mouse anti-human-LDLR IgG-C7 [Progen Biotechnik GmbH] and Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated chicken anti-mouse IgG [Invitrogen]) for nuclei (Hoechst [Thermo Scientific]) and cell outlines (Draq5 [Biostatus]).
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2

Immunohistochemical Profiling of Retinal Responses

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Immunohistochemical staining of 7 µm sections of full-thickness retinas was performed by immunofluorescence with the following primary antibodies: mouse monoclonal anti-GFAP antibody (1:200; Cell Signaling Technology, Inc., Danvers, MA, USA) and mouse monoclonal anti-Iba1 antibody (1:150; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc., Santa Cruz, CA, USA). Seven days after ONC, the eyes were enucleated and fixed in freshly made 4% paraformaldehyde in 0.1 M PBS for 1 h, and then the free retina was harvested and flattened. The tissues were dehydrated and embedded in paraffin, and the retinal cross sections were then obtained. The tissues were blocked with 1% bovine serum albumin in PBS for 1 h at room temperature to prevent nonspecific background staining, and then with the primary antibodies overnight at 4 °C. The sections were washed several times with PBS, incubated with Alexa Fluor® 488-conjugated chicken anti-mouse IgG (1:250; Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA) or Alexa Fluor® 546-conjugated rabbit anti-goat IgG (1:250; Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA) for 4 h at 4 °C, and then washed again with PBS. The sections were counterstained with 0.1 µg/mL of Hoechst 33,342 stain in PBS (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA). The images were analyzed using a Zeiss LSM 800 confocal microscope (Carl Zeiss, Jena, Germany).
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3

Immunohistochemical Profiling of Retinal Tissues

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Immunohistochemical staining of 7-µm wax sections of full-thickness retinas was performed by immunofluorescence with the following primary antibodies: mouse monoclonal anti-GFAP antibody (1:200; Cell Signaling Technology), mouse monoclonal anti-Iba1 antibody (1:150; Santa Cruz Biotechnology), mouse monoclonal anti-HIF-1α (1:200; Cell Signaling Technology), and rabbit monoclonal anti-acetyl-H3 (1:200; Cell Signaling Technology). Tissues were blocked with 1% bovine serum albumin in PBS for 1 h at room temperature to prevent nonspecific background staining, and then with primary antibodies overnight at 4 °C. The sections were washed several times, incubated with Alexa Fluor 488–conjugated chicken anti-mouse IgG (1:250; Invitrogen, Carlsbad California) or Alexa Fluor 546-conjugated rabbit anti-goat IgG (1:250; Invitrogen) for 4 h at 4 °C, and then washed again with PBS. The sections were counterstained with Hoechst 33342/PBS (0.1 µg/mL; Invitrogen). Images were analyzed using a Zeiss LSM 510 confocal microscope (Carl Zeiss, Jena, Germany).
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4

Immunocytochemical Analysis of DNA Damage Markers

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Immunocytochemistry was performed as described previously [26 (link)]. Primary antibodies to RAD51 (Millipore, MA, USA) (1:500 dilution) and γH2AX (Millipore, MA, USA) (1:500 dilution) and secondary antibodies to Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated chicken anti-mouse IgG and Alexa Fluor 568-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA) (1:100 dilution) were used for analysis. Nuclei were visualized by staining with DAPI. The slides were briefly counterstained and analyzed by confocal fluorescence microscopy (Carl-Zeiss MicroImaging Inc., Oberkochen, Germany). The number of RAD51- and γH2AX-foci was evaluated in a mean of 100 cells.
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5

Quantifying Cytosolic FUBP1 after H2O2 Stress

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Cells were seeded on 0.13–0.17 mm thick circular cover glasses in 24-well plates and treated with H2O2 for 10 min when the confluence reached 50%. At one hour after H2O2 treatment, cells were fixed and permeabilized by incubating in 100% methanol at −20 °C for 10 minutes. After blocking with 2% BSA in phosphate saline containing 1% Tween 20, the cells were incubated overnight at 4 °C with FUBP1 antibody (1: 50 dilution, sc-271241; Santa Cruz Biotechnology). Alexa Fluor 488 conjugated Chicken anti-Mouse IgG (Invitrogen, A-21200) was used as secondary antibody at 1:2000 dilution. ProLong™ Gold Antifade Mountant with DAPI (Invitrogen, P36931) was added to the cells before mounting and observation under a fluorescence microscope. Images were captured under a 63× objective with a Zeiss Axio Observer Microscope. NIH Image J (v1.52r) was utilized to quantify total fluorescence per cell versus nuclear green fluorescence. Cytosolic FUBP1 fluorescence intensity was calculated by subtracting total cellular fluorescence with nuclear FUBP1 fluorescence signal.
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