All patients underwent CCTA on a 320 row CT-scanner (Aquilion One Vision, Toshiba Medical Systems, Tokyo, Japan) with a collimation of 320 × 0.5 mm and a tube rotation time of 0.5 s. Tube current was set between 200 and 550 mAs at 120 kV, adjusting primarily mAs according to body habitus. Axial scanning was performed with prospective ECG-gating at 30–80% of the R-R interval, with a section thickness of 0.75 mm. A bolus of 50 ml iobitridol (Xenetix-350; Guerbet, France) was intravenously injected at a speed of 5 ml/s, followed by a 20 ml saline flush. A SureStart technique was used to trigger the scan, with a region of interest placed in the descending thoracic aorta with a threshold of 300 Hounsfield Units (HU).
Xenetix 350
Manufactured by Guerbet
Sourced in France, Germany
Xenetix 350 is a water-soluble iodinated contrast medium used for diagnostic imaging procedures. It contains iohexol as the active ingredient, which is a nonionic, tri-iodinated contrast agent. Xenetix 350 is designed to provide high-quality images during radiological examinations.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Revolution hd, by GE Healthcare (5 mentions)
Somatom sensation 64, by Siemens (4 mentions)
Iomeron 350, by Bracco (4 mentions)
Somatom definition flash, by Siemens (3 mentions)
Somatom definition as, by Siemens (3 mentions)
Lightspeed 64, by GE Healthcare (2 mentions)
Brilliance ict, by Philips (2 mentions)
Somatom drive, by Siemens (2 mentions)
Medrad stellant, by Bayer (2 mentions)
Ultravist 370, by Bayer (2 mentions)
Revolution evo, by GE Healthcare (2 mentions)
Aquilion one vision, by Toshiba (1 mentions)
D2p software, by 3D Systems (1 mentions)
Lightspeed vct, by GE Healthcare (1 mentions)
Ominpaque 350, by GE Healthcare (1 mentions)
Omnipaque, by GE Healthcare (1 mentions)
Somatom sensation, by Siemens (1 mentions)
Brilliance ict elite, by Philips (1 mentions)
Ultravist 300, by Bayer (1 mentions)
Biograph mct flow pet ct scanner, by Siemens (1 mentions)
38 protocols using xenetix 350
1
Coronary CT Angiography with 320-row Scanner
2
Contrast-Enhanced CT Protocol for Imaging
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CT examinations were performed with a single source helical CT equipment (Revolution HD®, General-Electric Healthcare, Wauwatosa, WI, USA; Somatom Sensation® 64, Siemens Healthineers; or Somatom Definition® Flash, Siemens Healthineers, Erlangen, Germany). Acquisition parameters were as follows: field-of-view, 279–350 mm; beam collimation, 38.4–40 mm (64 × 0.6–0.625 mm collimator setting); slice thickness, 1–1.25 mm; peak tube potential, 110–120 kVp; gantry revolution time, 0.5 s; and beam pitch, 0.984–1.2.
Iodinated contrast material (iomeprol, Iomeron 350®, Bracco Imaging; or iobitridol, Xenetix 350®, Guerbet, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France) was injected intravenously with an automated power injector (rate, 2.5–4 mL/s; total volume, 95–125 mL). After unenhanced acquisition, arterial phase (35–45 s after initiating contrast material administration) and portal venous phase (delay, 65–80 s) acquisitions were obtained.
Iodinated contrast material (iomeprol, Iomeron 350®, Bracco Imaging; or iobitridol, Xenetix 350®, Guerbet, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France) was injected intravenously with an automated power injector (rate, 2.5–4 mL/s; total volume, 95–125 mL). After unenhanced acquisition, arterial phase (35–45 s after initiating contrast material administration) and portal venous phase (delay, 65–80 s) acquisitions were obtained.
3
Renal Effects of Contrast Imaging
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After enrollment into the study, patients underwent blood- and urine sampling for obtaining basal values. After that, paraclinical examination with contrast media was performed. In the present study, only water-soluble, non-ionic, monomeric, low-osmolar, iodine-based contrast agent Iobitridol was used in a concentration of 350 mg Jod/ml (XENETIX® 350, Guerbet GmbH, Sulzbach/Taunus, Germany). Further, blood- and urine samples were obtained 24, 48 hrs and finally 3 months after contrast agent infusion (Fig 2 ).
4
Virtual Fibular Flap Harvesting Protocol
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The process started from acquisition of real computed tomography angiography (CTA) datasets of a patient lower leg, which represents the donor-site for osteomyocutaneous fibular flap harvesting procedure. CTA scans were acquired after administering nonionic contrast media intravenously (Xenetix 350 Guerbet) and with a slice thickness of 0.6 mm (Lightspeed VCT LS Advantage 64 slices; General Electric Medical System).
Anatomical areas of interest of the subject’s leg were segmented using D2P™ software (3D Systems Inc., Rock Hill, SC, USA): bones (tibia and fibula), arterial vessels (popliteal, fibular, tibial and perforating arteries) and leg skin (distinguishing the skin paddle profile for harvesting, according to the virtual planning for mandibular reconstruction).
Three-dimensional meshes were then generated from all the segmented masks, and saved in STL format.
Anatomical areas of interest of the subject’s leg were segmented using D2P™ software (3D Systems Inc., Rock Hill, SC, USA): bones (tibia and fibula), arterial vessels (popliteal, fibular, tibial and perforating arteries) and leg skin (distinguishing the skin paddle profile for harvesting, according to the virtual planning for mandibular reconstruction).
Three-dimensional meshes were then generated from all the segmented masks, and saved in STL format.
5
Pulmonary CT Angiography Protocol
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All patients were scanned using 64-detector row (Light speed VCT GE Healthcare). Scan parameters were as follows: matrix 512X512, tube voltage 80-120, pitch 1,375 rotation time 0.6s. All imaging was acquired in a single breath hold in a caudocranial direction, started from the posterior costophrenic angles and ends at the lung apex. Patient received 40-100 ml iodinated contrast medium with 350 mgI/ml concentration (ominpaque350, GE Healthcare or xenetix350, Guerbet) with an injection rate of 5ml/sec. In 2014 the image delay was determined by automatic bolus tracking and selecting the best image time with the max contrast filing in the pulmonary artery. On the other hand the 2015 protocol has added waiting for five seconds before starting the scan for bolus tracking, as the contrast medium could not have reached the pulmonary artery in the first 5 sec and scanning in this time will be an addition of non useful radiation to the patient (Fig.1 ). Contrast medium volume was calculated to be equal to the product of the scan time delay and the flow rate. Adaptive Statistical Iterative Reconstruction (ASIR) algorithm was used; the image acquisition was modified by 30%.
6
Triple-Phase CT Imaging Protocol for Comprehensive Evaluation
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All CT examinations were performed with a single-source 64-section MDCT unit (Somatom Sensation, Siemens Healthineers). CT examinations were all performed with a triple phase protocol with and without oral contrast material. An unenhanced phase was used before and after administration of oral contrast material. Low-dose unenhanced CT images were obtained with a section thickness of 1.25 mm, with an extended coverage of chest, to depict any preexisting hyperattenuating material
10 (link)
. Unenhanced CT was repeated using a standard radiation dose through the same coverage area with diluted non-ionic water-soluble oral contrast (Iohexol, Omnipaque; GE Healthcare; 240 mg of iodine/mL). A third phase was obtained during the venous phase to study parenchymal and pleural enhancement. Imaging parameters were as follows: nominal section thickness, 0.625 mm; beam pitch, 1.2; reconstruction interval, 1 mm; tube voltage, 120-kV (100 kV for the first unenhanced phase); and tube current, 120–170 mA. Patients received 90 to 110 mL of contrast agent at a concentration of 350 mg/mL of iodine (Iomeprol, Iomeron 350; Bracco, or Xenetix 350; Guerbet), administered intravenously with an automated injector (OptiVantage, Mallinckrodt-Tyco/Healthcare) at a rate of 2.5 to 3.5 mL/s. We used an antecubital vein as the access route and an 18 G venous catheter.
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All CT examinations were performed with a single-source 64-section MDCT unit (Somatom Sensation, Siemens Healthineers). CT examinations were all performed with a triple phase protocol with and without oral contrast material. An unenhanced phase was used before and after administration of oral contrast material. Low-dose unenhanced CT images were obtained with a section thickness of 1.25 mm, with an extended coverage of chest, to depict any preexisting hyperattenuating material
10 (link)
. Unenhanced CT was repeated using a standard radiation dose through the same coverage area with diluted non-ionic water-soluble oral contrast (Iohexol, Omnipaque; GE Healthcare; 240 mg of iodine/mL). A third phase was obtained during the venous phase to study parenchymal and pleural enhancement. Imaging parameters were as follows: nominal section thickness, 0.625 mm; beam pitch, 1.2; reconstruction interval, 1 mm; tube voltage, 120-kV (100 kV for the first unenhanced phase); and tube current, 120–170 mA. Patients received 90 to 110 mL of contrast agent at a concentration of 350 mg/mL of iodine (Iomeprol, Iomeron 350; Bracco, or Xenetix 350; Guerbet), administered intravenously with an automated injector (OptiVantage, Mallinckrodt-Tyco/Healthcare) at a rate of 2.5 to 3.5 mL/s. We used an antecubital vein as the access route and an 18 G venous catheter.
7
Multimodal Neuroimaging Protocol for Stroke
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All imaging was performed on a 256-slice CT scanner (Brilliance iCT Elite, Philips healthcare, the Netherlands). Parameters for helical NCCT was 120 kV, 350 mAs, thickness = 5 mm, slices = 30, field-of-view (FOV) = 250 × 250 mm2, and matrix = 496 × 496. The main imaging parameters of the CTP were 80 kV, 180 mAs, whole brain coverage in the z-axis, FOV = 220 × 220 mm2, matrix = 512 × 512, slice thickness = 5 mm, JOG scanning mode, and 14 consecutive phases acquired with a temporal resolution of 4 s. A total of 50-ml of iobitridol (Xenetix-350; Guerbet, France) was intravenously injected at a speed of 5-ml/s, followed by a 20-ml saline flush at 5 ml/s. Parameters for CTA were 120 kV, 300 mAs, FOV = 220 × 220 mm2, matrix = 512 × 512, thickness = 1 mm, and slices = 399. The same protocol for the injection of contrast agent of CTP was used here, except for the use of 45-ml of contrast.
8
Gastrointestinal Bleeding Embolization Protocol
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Pre-angiographic investigations sometimes involved an endoscopy performed at the onset of acute gastrointestinal bleeding. We therefore recorded the number of gastroscopies and colonoscopies performed before embolization. The endoscopy was considered positive if acute bleeding was observed. Endoscopic treatment was considered as a failure if active bleeding was not stopped.
Patients underwent an abdominal CT scan (SOMATOM DEFINITION AS 64, Siemens AG, Medical Solution, Erlangen, Germany). Patients received ≥90 mL contrast medium (Xenetix 350, Guerbet, Villepinte, France) with a flow rate ≥3 mL/s. Unenhanced and contrast-enhanced liver CT at the arterial and portal phases were performed according to the standard-of-care protocol of our hospital. A bleed was considered active when iodine contrast was present at the arterial phase and increased at the portal phase. Pseudoaneurysm was considered as a rupture of arterial caliber without an increase in the portal phase.
Patients underwent an abdominal CT scan (SOMATOM DEFINITION AS 64, Siemens AG, Medical Solution, Erlangen, Germany). Patients received ≥90 mL contrast medium (Xenetix 350, Guerbet, Villepinte, France) with a flow rate ≥3 mL/s. Unenhanced and contrast-enhanced liver CT at the arterial and portal phases were performed according to the standard-of-care protocol of our hospital. A bleed was considered active when iodine contrast was present at the arterial phase and increased at the portal phase. Pseudoaneurysm was considered as a rupture of arterial caliber without an increase in the portal phase.
9
Spectral CT Imaging Protocol for Vascular Assessment
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SCT multiphase scans were acquired on a 128-multislice CT scanner (Revolution HD, GE Healthcare, Milwaukee, WI) with ultra-rapid kVp switching (GSI). After acquisition of a posterior-anterior scout, an RNC series was acquired. Following administration of CA at a dose of 1.5 mL/kg body weight at a flow rate of 4 mL/s (max 120 mL, Xenetix 350, Guerbet, Villepinte, France), a spectral mode arterial phase (30 sec after injection) and a normal mode venous phase (120 sec after injection) were acquired. CT parameters (pitch, collimation, rotation time, slice thickness, iterative reconstruction level) were kept constant for acquisition of all series except for automated dose modulation in spectral CT mode (spectral CT does not feature this approach).
Spectral CT is an emerging multi-energy technique that allows for generation of different datasets including the above-mentioned MDI and VMS images by using projection-based reconstruction and rapid tube voltage switching between 80 and 140 kVp.[18 (link),19 (link)] In our study, we generated a virtual iodine-suppressed series by computing VNC images from VMS images acquired at 70 keV. Additionally, monochromatic images at 3 different energetic levels (40 keV, 70 keV, and 140 keV) were reconstructed.
Spectral CT is an emerging multi-energy technique that allows for generation of different datasets including the above-mentioned MDI and VMS images by using projection-based reconstruction and rapid tube voltage switching between 80 and 140 kVp.[18 (link),19 (link)] In our study, we generated a virtual iodine-suppressed series by computing VNC images from VMS images acquired at 70 keV. Additionally, monochromatic images at 3 different energetic levels (40 keV, 70 keV, and 140 keV) were reconstructed.
10
PET/CT Imaging Protocol for 68Ga-DOTATATE
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PET/CT image acquisition was performed 45 to 60 minutes after IV administration of approximately 40 μCi/kg 68Ga-DOTATATE. Patients were instructed to drink at least 500 mL of water and to urinate before the scan. Until October 2017, the Gemini Time-of-Flight PET/CT scanner (Philips, the Netherlands) was used. Diagnostic contrast-enhanced (100 mL IV Ultravist 300; Bayer, Germany) CT was performed in the portal phase from the skull base to the thigh (120 kV, 150 mAs, 16 × 1.5 collimation, 0.8013 pitch). Then, PET acquisition was performed with a scan time of 2.5 minutes per bed. From October 2017, a Biograph mCT Flow PET/CT scanner (Siemens, Germany) equipped with an enhanced axial field of view (TrueV) scanner was used. Diagnostic contrast-enhanced CT was performed in the portal phase with automatic modulation in current and voltage. Reference values were set at 120 kV and 160 mA, 128 × 0.6 collimation, and 0.9 pitch. CT was performed after administration of 90 mL IV iodinated contrast medium (Xenetix 350; Guerbet, France). PET was performed with continuous bed motion at 1.5 mm/s.
For both scanners, CT data were used for PET attenuation correction and PET data reconstruction. Iodinated contrast medium was only administered on clinical indication and when there were no contraindications for administration.
For both scanners, CT data were used for PET attenuation correction and PET data reconstruction. Iodinated contrast medium was only administered on clinical indication and when there were no contraindications for administration.
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