Cytobrush

Manufactured by CooperSurgical

Sourced in United States

The Cytobrush is a sterile, single-use device designed to collect cellular samples from the cervix for cytological examination. It features a handle and a tapered, brush-like tip to gently collect epithelial cells for further analysis.

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Lab products found in correlation

Alexa fluor 488, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Accuspin micro 17, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)

6 protocols using cytobrush

Cervical Cancer Biomarker Exploration

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The Institutional Review Board of the Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center and Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University approved the study. Informed consent was acquired from all patients and control subjects.
The retrospective study included 60 archived EC (tissues, n=20 and scrapings, n=40), 59 OCs (tissues, n=19 and scrapings, n=40) and 74 normal controls (tissues, n=34 and cervical scrapings, n=40). All tissues samples and scrapings were not paired from the same patients. In the cases of EC and OC, cervical scrapings were collected before surgery from women undergoing surgery as their treatment guideline, and normal control tissues specimens were collected from women who had previously undergone hysterectomy due to benign gynecologic disease (uterine fibroids or uterine prolapse). Patients attending our gynecologic outpatient department whose cervical scrapings exhibited normal cytology and pelvic sonography did not reveal significant abnormalities served as control subjects of cervical scrapings. In all women, a cytobrush (CooperSurgical, Inc., Trumbull, CT, USA) was used to collect samples through physician cervical sampling.
The patients were diagnosed and treated and had their tissues placed in a bank at the Tri-Service General Hospital and Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan [22 (link)]. All invasive cancers were confirmed by histopathology.

Chang C.C., Wang H.C., Liao Y.P., Chen Y.C., Weng Y.C., Yu M.H, & Lai H.C. (2017). The feasibility of detecting endometrial and ovarian cancer using DNA methylation biomarkers in cervical scrapings. Journal of Gynecologic Oncology, 29(1), e17.

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Buccal Cell DNA Extraction

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Buccal swabs were collected using a Cytobrush® (CooperSurgical, Berlin Germany). Buccal cells and mucus were mechanically separated in phosphate buffered saline, pelleted and stored at −80^oC until extraction. DNA was purified from the cells using BiOstic®Bacteremia DNA Isolation Kits (MO-BIO Laboratories, Carlsbad, CA). The manufacturer's instructions were followed without modification.

Fourie N.H., Wang D., Abey S.K., Sherwin L.B., Joseph P.V., Rahim-Williams B., Ferguson E.G, & Henderson W.A. (2016). The microbiome of the oral mucosa in irritable bowel syndrome. Gut Microbes, 7(4), 286-301.

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Buccal Swab Collection for csPWS Microscopy

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Buccal samples were collected in the primary care physician’s office through a buccal swab procedure using a minimally invasive standard of care (Cytobrush, CooperSurgical, Inc., Trumbull, CT, USA). The patients rinsed their mouths with water three times before the physician placed the bristles on the inside of one buccal surface followed by a top to down motion including brush rotation. Next, the impregnated swabs were dipped into 1.5 ml vial tubes (Neptune Scientific, San Diego, USA) containing 750 ml of 25% ethanol (collection buffer). The samples were then packaged and shipped to the central lab for csPWS microscopy.

Daneshkhah A., Prabhala S., Viswanathan P., Subramanian H., Lin J., Chang A.S., Bharat A., Roy H.K, & Backman V. (2023). Early detection of lung cancer using artificial intelligence-enhanced optical nanosensing of chromatin alterations in field carcinogenesis. Scientific Reports, 13, 13702.

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Buccal Cell Immunofluorescence Staining

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The buccal cell samples were acquired via a cheek brushing using a Cytobrush (Cooper Surgical, Trumbull, CT). Human samples were collected in accordance with the Institutional Review Board at Northwestern University. Collected cells were deposited onto a glass slide and fixed in 95% ethanol for 15 min. PWS measurements were then acquired before immunofluorescence staining. The immunofluorescence staining protocol was the same as was used for the HeLa cells (Section 2.2), except that a single co-incubation step of phalloidin conjugated to AlexaFluor488 (Life Technologies, Carlsbad, California) and Hoechst 33342 was performed for 20 min at room temperature.

Chandler J.E., Stypula-Cyrus Y., Almassalha L., Bauer G., Bowen L., Subramanian H., Szleifer I, & Backman V. (2016). Colocalization of cellular nanostructure using confocal fluorescence and partial wave spectroscopy. Journal of biophotonics, 10(3), 377-384.

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Buccal Mucosa Cell Preparation for STEM Imaging

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Cells from buccal mucosa (cheek cells) were collected using a Cytobrush (CooperSurgical Inc., Trumbull, CT, USA), suspended in 1 mL 1× PBS and spun for 5 min at 1,500 rpm (accuSpin Micro17, Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., Waltham, MA, USA). The supernatant was aspirated, and the pellet was resuspended in PBS. Droplets of 30 μL of the cell suspension were deposited on TEM grids in a moisture chamber for cell attachment. The chamber was kept in a cell incubator for 4 h; then the sample was fixed with 2.5% glutaraldehyde and 2% formaldehyde in PBS for 20 min at room temperature. After fixation, the grids were rinsed in deionized (DI) water before dehydration in a series of graded ethanol. After dehydration, the samples were critical point dried (Tousimis Research Corp., Rockville, MD, USA) for STEM imaging.

Li Y., Zhang D., Capoglu I., Hujsak K.A., Damania D., Cherkezyan L., Roth E., Bleher R., Wu J.S., Subramanian H., Dravid V.P, & Backman V. (2017). Measuring the Autocorrelation Function of Nanoscale Three-Dimensional Density Distribution in Individual Cells Using Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy, Atomic Force Microscopy, and a New Deconvolution Algorithm. Microscopy and microanalysis : the official journal of Microscopy Society of America, Microbeam Analysis Society, Microscopical Society of Canada, 23(3), 661-667.

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Minimally Invasive Rectal Sample Acquisition

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All sample acquisitions in the rectum were adherent to the following minimally invasive protocol: colonoscopy to cecum was performed with standard techniques using Olympus 160 or 180 series or Fujinon colonoscopes. A sterile cytology brush (Cytobrush, CooperSurgical, Inc., Trumbull, CT, USA) was passed through the endoscope after insertion into the rectum, and gentle pressure with rotation of bristle was applied to the rectum at 5 cm above the dentate line. A single cytology brush was used for each patient, and the tip of the brush was clipped and immediately immersed in 1.5 mL vile tube filled with 750 mL of 25% ethanol. The samples were packaged and shipped to Northwestern University on the same day. Temperature was maintained below 10 °C with polar pack refrigerant gel (SONOCO Thermosafe, Arlington Heights, IL, USA), and packaging was adherent to guidelines provided by the Department of Transportation with a primary and secondary container with absorbent material. The colonocytes obtained directly from the tumor and 4 cm away from the tumor were brushed from resected CRC tissue. Microscopic evaluation of cells brushed directly from the cancer mass and normal appearing tissue from 4 cm away of the mass was both confirmed.

Chang A., Prabhala S., Daneshkhah A., Lin J., Subramanian H., Roy H.K, & Backman V. (2024). Early screening of colorectal cancer using feature engineering with artificial intelligence-enhanced analysis of nanoscale chromatin modifications. Scientific Reports, 14, 7808.

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