A bank of 16 automated rotometer bowls (Rotorat, Med Associates, VT) (Ungerstedt and Arbuthnott, 1970 (link)) recorded the frequency of amphetamine-induced rotation for 90 min after i.p. injection of 2.5 mg/kg methamphetamine hydrochloride (Sigma-Aldrich, UK). Apomorphine-induced rotations were recorded for 60 min after subcutaneous injection of 0.05 mg/kg apomorphine hydrochloride hemihydrate (Sigma-Aldrich, UK). Rotation scores expressed as an average of ipsilateral minus contralateral rotations.
Apomorphine hydrochloride hemihydrate
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in Germany
Apomorphine hydrochloride hemihydrate is a chemical compound used in laboratory research. It is a salt form of the alkaloid apomorphine. The compound is a white or almost white crystalline powder.
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Lab products found in correlation
Methamphetamine hydrochloride, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Rotorat, by Med Associates (1 mentions)
Cremophor el, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Phencyclidine hydrochloride, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Aripiprazole, by LGC (1 mentions)
Clozapine, by Abcam (1 mentions)
Haloperidol, by Johnson & Johnson (1 mentions)
Histamine dihydrochloride, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Dopamine hydrochloride, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Spiperone, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
R skf 38393 hydrochloride, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
R sch 23390 hydrochloride, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Tyramine hydrochloride, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Octopamine hydrochloride, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
6 ohda hydrobromide, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
4 protocols using apomorphine hydrochloride hemihydrate
1
Amphetamine-Induced Rotational Behavior
2
Formulation and Administration of Psychoactive Drugs
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2-Bromoterguride (Alfarma sro, Cernosice, Czech Republic) was suspended in 15% Cremophor® EL (Sigma-Aldrich, Steinheim, Germany), phencyclidine hydrochloride (Sigma-Aldrich, Steinheim, Germany) and haloperidol (Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Beerse, Belgium) were dissolved in 0.9% saline. Apomorphine hydrochloride hemihydrate (Sigma-Aldrich, Steinheim, Germany) was dissolved in 0.2% ascorbic acid solution, aripiprazole (Toronto Research Chemicals, Toronto, Canada) in 30% N,N-dimethylformamide and blended in 0.5% acetic acid. Clozapine (Abcam Biochemicals, Cambridge, UK) was dissolved in 0.1 N HCl and adjusted to pH neutrality. Compound doses and the elicited effect on behavior were thoroughly evaluated in pilot studies prior to the PPI, NOR, and social interaction experiments. All drugs were freshly prepared on the day of injection and administered in a volume of 1 ml/kg body weight.
3
Receptor Ligand Acquisition and Preparation
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Receptor ligands 5-hydroxytryptamine hydrochloride (5-HT), 6,7-ADTN hydrobromide, apomorphine hydrochloride hemihydrate, S(+)-butaclamol hydrochloride, 6-chloro-APB hydrobromide, cis(Z)-flupentixol dihydrochloride, dopamine hydrochloride, histamine dihydrochloride, (±)-octopamine hydrochloride, R(+)-SCH 23390 hydrochloride, R(+)-SKF 38393 hydrochloride, spiperone and tyramine hydrochloride were all purchased from Sigma (Taufkirchen, Germany). Chlorpromazine hydrochloride and bromocriptine mesylate were purchased from Enzo Life Sciences (Plymouth Meeting, PA, USA).
4
6-OHDA-Induced Unilateral Parkinson's Model
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Unilateral nigrostriatal dopaminergic lesions were made by 6-OHDA injection as described, with some modification [34] (link). Briefly, 9-week-old rats were anesthetized and secured in a stereotaxic instrument with the tooth bar set +5 mm above the interaural line. 6-OHDA hydrobromide (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) was injected at two sites (5 µg in 2 µL per site) in the right medial forebrain bundle on day 0 at the following coordinates: −1.0 mm anterior to the bregma (AP), +1.8 mm lateral from the midline (ML), +8.5 mm below the dura (DV), and AP −1.4 mm, ML +1.5 mm, DV +8.0 mm. The sham-operated animals received vehicle only (physiological saline containing 0.01% ascorbic acid) at the same coordinates.
To confirm the lesion induction, we subjected the rats to an apomorphine-induced rotation test on day 13. Rats that displayed asymmetric rotational behavior toward the left direction after the injection of apomorphine hydrochloride hemihydrate (0.1 mg/kg, s.c., Sigma-Aldrich) were selected for further experiments. 6-OHDA-lesioned rats were perfusion-fixed on day 14, day 21 or day 28. Sham-operated rats were fixed on day 28.
To confirm the lesion induction, we subjected the rats to an apomorphine-induced rotation test on day 13. Rats that displayed asymmetric rotational behavior toward the left direction after the injection of apomorphine hydrochloride hemihydrate (0.1 mg/kg, s.c., Sigma-Aldrich) were selected for further experiments. 6-OHDA-lesioned rats were perfusion-fixed on day 14, day 21 or day 28. Sham-operated rats were fixed on day 28.
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