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Zonulin

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Zonulin is a protein involved in the regulation of intestinal permeability. It plays a key role in the opening and closing of tight junctions between epithelial cells, which control the passage of molecules through the intestinal barrier. Zonulin is considered a useful biomarker for the assessment of intestinal barrier function.

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Lab products found in correlation

I fabp, by R&D Systems (3 mentions) Beta d glucan, by MyBioSource (2 mentions) Hscrp, by R&D Systems (2 mentions) Stnfri, by R&D Systems (1 mentions) Scd163, by R&D Systems (1 mentions) Scd14, by R&D Systems (1 mentions) Interleukin 6 (il 6), by R&D Systems (1 mentions) Lipopolysaccharide binding protein, by Hycult Biotech (1 mentions) D dimer, by Diagnostica Stago (1 mentions)

4 protocols using zonulin

1

Plasma Markers of Inflammation and Translocation

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Plasma markers of monocyte activation (sCD163 and sCD14), systemic inflammation [soluble TNFα receptor I and II (sTNFRI and II), high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), interleukin 6 (IL-6)], coagulation (d-dimer), and oxidized lipids (oxidized LDL) were measured by ELISA (R &D Systems, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA and ALPCO, Salem, New Hampshire, USA and Mercodia, Uppsala, Sweden). The marker of fungal translocation Beta D Glucan (BDG, Mybiosource Inc. CA), lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP, Hycult Biotech Inc. PA), an indirect marker of microbial translocation; zonulin (Promocell Germany), a marker of intestinal permeability and intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP, R &D Systems, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA), a marker of intestinal integrity were measured by ELISA. The intra-assay variability ranged between 4–8% and inter-assay variability was less than 10% for all markers. All assays were performed on batched samples, never previously thawed, at Dr. Funderburg’s laboratory at Ohio State University, Columbus, OH. Laboratory personnel were blinded to group assignments and clinical characteristics.
DIRAJLAL-FARGO S., SHAN L., SATTAR A., BOWMAN E., Gabriel J., KULKARNI M., FUNDERBURG N., NAZZINDA R., MUSIIME V, & McCOMSEY G.A. (2019). INSULIN RESISTANCE AND INTESTINAL INTEGRITY IN CHILDREN WITH AND WITHOUT HIV IN UGANDA. HIV medicine, 21(2), 119-127.
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2

Biomarker Quantification in Gut Inflammation

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Zonulin (Promocell Germany), BDG (Mybiosource Inc. CA), I-FABP, sCD14, sCD163, sTNFRI, hsCRP, IL-6 (R &D Systems, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA) and oxidized LDL (ALPCO, Salem, New Hampshire, USA and Mercodia, Uppsala, Sweden) were measured by ELISA . The intra-assay variability ranged between 4-8% and inter-assay variability was less than 10% for all markers. All assays were done at Dr Funderburg’s laboratory at Ohio State University, Columbus, OH (https://u.osu.edu/caffre/people/nicholas-t-funderburg-ph-d/). Laboratory personnel were blinded to group assignments.
TOE S., NAGY M., ALBAR Z., Yu J., SATTAR A., NAZZINDA R., MUSIIME V., ETAJAK S., WALYAWULA F., MCCOMSEY G.A., ATUYAMBE L.M, & DIRAJLAL-FARGO S. (2022). Ambient Air Pollution is Associated with Vascular Disease in Ugandan HIV positive Adolescents. AIDS (London, England), 36(6), 863-870.
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3

Inflammatory Biomarker Measurement Protocol

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The blood collected was stored at −80°C and batched until processing without a prior thaw. Then using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), we measured the following inflammatory markers: soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors I (sTNFR-I), High sensitivity C reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin 6 (IL-6) (R&D systems, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA), and D-dimer (Diagnostica Stago, USA). We also measured by ELISA oxidized low-density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL) (Uppsala, Mercodia, Sweden) and two gut markers; lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) (Hycult Biotech Inc. Pennsylvania, USA), a marker of microbial translocation, and zonulin (Promocell, Germany), a marker of gut permeability. All measurements were done at Dr. Funderburg’s laboratory at Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.
Mouchati C., Durieux J.C., Zisis S.N., Labbato D., Rodgers M.A., Ailstock K., Reinert B.L., Funderburg N.T, & McComsey G.A. (2023). Increase in gut permeability and oxidized ldl is associated with post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2. Frontiers in Immunology, 14, 1182544.
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4

Inflammatory and Translocation Markers

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Plasma markers of monocyte activation (sCD163 and sCD14), systemic inflammation [soluble TNFα receptor I and II (sTNFRI and II), high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), interleukin 6 (IL-6)], coagulation (d-dimer), and oxidized lipids (oxidized LDL) were measured by ELISA (R &D Systems, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA and ALPCO, Salem, New Hampshire, USA and Mercodia, Uppsala, Sweden). The marker of fungal translocation Beta D Glucan (BDG, Mybiosource Inc. CA), lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP, Hycult Biotech Inc. PA), an indirect marker of microbial translocation; zonulin (Promocell Germany), a marker of intestinal permeability and intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP, R &D Systems, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA), a marker of intestinal integrity were measured by ELISA. The intra-assay variability ranged between 4-8% and inter-assay variability was less than 10% for all markers. All assays were performed on batched samples, never previously thawed, at Dr. Funderburg’s laboratory at Ohio State University, Columbus, OH. Laboratory personnel were blinded to group assignments and clinical characteristics.11
DIRAJLAL-FARGO S., SHAN L., SATTAR A., KULKARNI M., BOWMAN E., FUNDERBURG N., NAZZINDA R., KARUNGI C., KITYO C., MUSIIME V, & McCOMSEY G.A. (2020). Micronutrients, metabolic complications and inflammation in Ugandan children with HIV. Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition, 70(5), e100-e105.
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