Castor oil

Curcumin (CUR) was purchased from HiMedia, Mumbai, India. Hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS-HF) was kindly gifted by Arihant trading Co., Mumbai, India. Capryol 90 (C-90), Lauroglycol FCC (LFCC), and Labrafac were obtained as gratis from Gattefosse Pvt. Ltd (Mumbai, India). Edible oils (isopropyl myristate, castor oil, oleic acid, ethyl oleate, corn oil, Captex 200, apricot oil, olive oil, and soybean oil) were purchased from HiMedia, Mumbai, India. Aerosil 200 and polyvinyl alcohol (1,25,000 Mol. Wt.) were purchased from CDH, Mumbai, India. 96-well plates (A-U96) were kindly gifted by the Lipidcure Core NOF Corporation, Japan. Potassium dihydrogen phosphate was purchased from Merck, Mumbai, India. All the other chemicals and reagents used in the study were of analytical grade.

Quercetin was purchased from Himedia, Mumbai. Poloxamer 407, Poloxamer 188 were purchased from Sigma Aldrich, Bangalore, India. Labrafac PG^®, Labrasol^®, Carbitol^®, Transcutol HP^® and Capryol 90^® were obtained as gift samples from Gatte Fosse, Mumbai, India. Cremophor EL^®, Lutrol E400, Carbopol 934P, and Lutrol E600 were obtained as gift samples from BASF Corporation, Mumbai, India. Xanthan gum and Gellan gum were purchased from Triveni Chemicals, Vapi, Gujarat, India. Cinnamon oil and Palm oil were purchased from Genuine Chemical Co., Mumbai. Triacetin, Isopropyl myristate and Castor oil was from Himedia Laboratories Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai, India. Sesame oil was from National Chemicals, Gujarat, India. Migliyol was from Peter Cremer, Hamburg, Germany. Tween 80 and Tween 60 were purchased from Nice chemicals Pvt. Ltd., Kochi and Sisco Research Laboratories Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai, India. Tween 20 and Glycerol were from Merck Specialities Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai, India respectively. Span 80 was from Suvidhinath Laboratories, Baroda. Ethylene glycol was procured from Loba Chemie Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai, India. All other chemicals and reagents were of laboratory grade.

Apigenin was purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Mumbai, India) and Tamarind gum was a gift sample from Hari Om Gum Industries, Surat, Gujarat, India. Castor oil was procured from HiMedia, Mumbai, India and other oils like olive oil, rice bran oil, cotton seed oil, soya oil, and ground nut oil were purchased of analytical grade from Raipur (C.G.). Flonida cream, Shalak Pharmaceutical Ltd., Karampura, New Delhi was purchased from the market. Purified water from ultrapure water system (Synergy UV water purifier system, India) was used throughout the study.