Total mRNA was retrotranscribed using the iScript cDNA synthesis kit (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA). Transcript levels were determined by real-time PCR using the SsoFast EvaGreen Supermix and the MiniOpticon Thermal Cycler (Bio-Rad). Ten seconds of denaturation at 95 °C was followed by 30 seconds of annealing/extension at 60 °C and repeated for 40 cycles. Every qPCR was validated by analyzing the respective melting curve. Only one peak was detectable, indicating the presence of just one amplicon.
Gene expression was normalized to both GAPDH and TATA-binding protein (TBP) expression and calculated using the 2−ΔΔCt method.
Primers sequences used (forward and reverse) are indicated in