Porcine pancreatic α amylase type 6 b

Nutrient broth was purchased from Creative Life Science Co., Taipei, Taiwan, squid pens were acquired from Shin-Ma Frozen Food Co. (Yilan, Taiwan), and shrimp head power (SHP) was obtained from Fwu-Sow Industry (Taichun, Taiwan). Rat α-glucosidase (intestinal acetone powders from rat) was purchased from Sigma Aldrich, Singapore. Acarbose, Saccharomyces cerevisiae α-glucosidase, Bacillus stearothermophilus α-glucosidase, and 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) were purchased from Sigma Chemical Co., St. Louis, MO, USA. Rice α-glucosidase (Type 4) and porcine pancreatic α-amylase (Type VI-B) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA. The proteases of bromelain and papain were obtained from Challenge Bioproducts Co., Ltd., Yunlin, Taiwan. When possible, reagents, solvents and other common chemicals were obtained at the highest grade.

Bacterial strains were obtained from our previous works [43 (link),67 (link)]. Discarded marine chitinous materials such as shrimp shells, shrimp heads, crab shells, and squid pens were obtained from Shin-Ma Frozen Food Co. (I-Lan, Taiwan). Porcine pancreatic α-amylase (type VI-B) and acarbose were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis City, MO, USA). Shrimp shells and crab shells were demineralized as per the method presented in our previous study [68 (link)]. Silica gel (Geduran^® Si 60, size: 0.040–0.063 mm) was purchased from Merck Sigma Chemical Co (St. Louis City, MO, USA). The nutrient broth was purchased from Creative Life Science Co., Taipei, Taiwan, and some solvents used in this work were obtained from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis City, MO, USA).

Culture media were purchased from Biokar Diagnostics (Solabia group, Pantin, France) and Conda Laboratories (Madrid, Spain). Reagents were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Saint-Quentin Fallavier, France) and VWR chemicals (Fontenay-sous-Bois, France). Type VI-B porcine pancreatic α-amylase, type I α-glucosidase from baker’s yeast, starch, p-nitrophenyl-β-glucopyranoside (pNPG) and voglibase and other chemicals came from Sigma-Aldrich (Saint-Quentin Fallavier, France).

Culture media were purchased from Biokar Diagnostics (Solabia Group, Pantin, France) and Condalab (Madrid, Spain). Reagents were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Saint-Quentin-Fallavier, France) and VWR chemicals (Fontenay-sous-Bois, France). Type VI-B porcine pancreatic α-amylase, type I α-glucosidase from baker's yeast, starch, 4-nitrophenyl-β-d-glucuronide (pNPG), and voglibose for enzymatic experiments were also purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Saint-Quentin Fallavier, France). The LAB cultures Weissella cibaria 64 (W64) and Lactobacillus plantarum 75 (L75) were obtained from the Microbiology Laboratory of QualiSud, Université de La Réunion, France (27 (link)).

Folin-Ciocalteu’s phenol reagent (F9252, 2N), 2,4,6-tris (2-pyridyl)-s-triazine (TPTZ, ≥ 99%), 2,2-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS, ≥ 99%), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH, D9132), Trolox (≥ 97%), hippuryl-histidyl-leucine (HHL, ≥ 98%), Saccharomyces cerevisiae α-glucosidase (G0660, 28 units/mg solid), type VI-B porcine pancreatic α-amylase (A3176, 14 units/mg solid), and rabbit lung angiotensin-converting enzyme (A6778, ≥ 2.0 units/mg protein) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, United States). Analytical standards (greater than 98%) of hydroxytyrosol, esculin, corosolic acid, ursolic acid, maslinic acid, oleanolic acid, taxifolin, luteolin, quercetin, kaempferol, apigenin, chlorogenic acid, plantamajoside, rutin, eriodictyol, tiliroside, apigenin-7-O-neohesperidoside, luteolin-7-O-glucoside, oleuropein, secoxyloganin, and gallic acid were purchased from Yuanye Bio-Technology Co., Ltd., (Shanghai, China). For chromatographic analysis, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-grade formic acid, acetic acid, and acetonitrile were obtained from Alfa Aesar (Shanghai, China) and Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Ultrapure water was obtained from a Milli-Q system (Millipore, Bedford, MA, United States).